Course : INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Module : Introduction to Internet
TABLE OF CONTENT
UNIT NUMBER 1/11
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Course : INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Module : Introduction to Internet
TABLE OF CONTENT
UNIT NUMBER 1/
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Syllabus
1.1 Objectives 1.2 Introduction to Internet 1.2.1 Internet 1.2.2 ARPANET and Internet history of the World Wide Web 1.2.3 Owners of the Internet 1.2.4 Anatomy of Internet 1.3 Growth of Internet 1.3.1 Growth of Internet 1.4 Basic Internet Terminology 1.4.1 Basic Internet Terminology 1.5 Net etiquette 1.5.1 Net etiquette 1.6 Internet Applications 1.6.1 Commerce on the Internet 1.6.2 Governance on the Internet 1.7 Impact of Internet on Society 1.7.1 Impact of Internet on Society 1.7.2 Crime on/through the Internet 1.8 Summary
1.9 Model Questions
Assessment 1 Assessment 2 References
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Chapter: 1.2 Introduction to Internet Topic: 1.2.1 Internet
Internet
- The Internet is a global system of interrelated computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.
- The primary purpose of the internet is sharing of information and communicating with remote PC's.
- The largest network of networks in the world, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, database and other computational resources.
- The Internet has extremely changed nearly every aspect of life by revolutionizing how individuals and business, Access information and electronic files, Communication personally and professionally, Shop for products and services, Share resource.
FIG 1.1: Internet
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Chapter: 1.2 Introduction to Internet Topic: 1.2.2 ARPANET and Internet history of the World Wide Web
ARPANET and Internet history of the World Wide Web
- Origins in ARPANET ARPA (Advances Research Project Agency) started an experimental Computer Network in January 2, 1969.
- Growth and Development of ARPANET In 1971, Ray Tomlinson developed e-mail and ARPANET includes more than 20 sites including Harvard. Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed standard or protocol for communications over a network TCP and IP in 1972. In 1981, the ARPANET linked 200 sites.
- ARPANET eventually lost its reason to survive as other special-internet networks took its place.
- In 1990, ARPANET was eliminated, leaving behind a legacy of networks that evolved into the internet.
- The Beginnings and Rise of the Web In 1991, Tim Berners-Lee created HyperText Markup Language (HTML), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), first Web browser and Web server. In 1993, Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina developed MOSAIC browser. In1994, Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark founded Netscape Communication and Netscape Navigator browser.
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Chapter: 1.2 Introduction to Internet Topic: 1.2.4 Anatomy of Internet
Anatomy of Internet
- The Internet is an enormous group of computers linked by cable and satellites, not controlled by any one authority, but all operating under common network protocols.
- The term 'Internet' includes both the hardware and the software that enable computers to communicate with each other.
- When information is sent across the Internet, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) first breaks the information up into packets of data.
- The client computer sends those packets to the local network, Internet service provider (ISP) or online service. From here, the packets travel through many levels of networks, computers, and communications lines until they reach their final destinations.
- Many types of hardware help the packets on their way. These are Hubs, Bridges, Gateways, Repeaters, Routers, Servers, Client Computer, Cable / Satellite Communications.
- All hardware units need common working methods, basic instructions called protocols that specify to all parties how the data will be handled.
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Chapter: 1.3 Introduction to Internet Topic: 1.3.1 Growth of Internet
Growth of Internet
DATE OF USERSNUMBER POPULATION^ % WORLD^ INFORMATIONSOURCE
December, 1995 16 millions^ 0.4 %^ IDC December, 1996 36 millions^ 0.9 %^ IDC December, 1997 70 millions^ 1.7 %^ IDC December, 1998 147 millions^ 3.6 %^ C.I. Almanac December, 1999 248 millions^ 4.1 %^ Nua Ltd. December, 2003 719 millions^ 11.1 %^ Internet World Stats December, 2004 817 millions^ 12.7 %^ Internet World Stats December, 2005 1,018 millions^ 15.7 %^ Internet World Stats December, 2006 1,093 millions^ 16.7 %^ Internet World Stats December, 2007 1,319 millions^ 20.0 %^ Internet World Stats December, 2008 1,574 millions^ 23.5 %^ Internet World Stats December, 2009 1,802 millions^ 26.6 %^ Internet World Stats September, 2010 1,971 millions^ 28.8 %^ Internet World Stats December, 2,267 millions 32.7 % Internet World Stats
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Chapter: 1.4 Basic Internet Terminology Topic: 1.4.1 Basic Internet Terminology
Basic Internet Terminology
- WWW, World Wide Web or Web It is an interactive collection of hypertext pages linked to one another. They may include text, graphics and/or links to other spots in the Web.
- URL Uniform Resource Locator is the address of the web document currently displayed on the monitor.
- Server Server is a computer that provides a service to another computer.
- Search Engine It finds web pages with specific content.
- ISP ( Internet Service Provider) An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using or participating in the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.
- Cookie Cookie is a file left on the computer by a website’s browser containing user login, password, user preferences and other personalized information.
- Browser Software used to “browse” the Internet. Most common examples are Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator
- Domain Name Domain name is the unique name that identifies an Internet site
- HTML HyperText Markup Language is a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, colour, graphic and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
• HTTP
HyperText Transfer Protocol - This communication protocol used to connect to Web servers on the Internet or on a local network (intranet).
- Uploading Uploading means data is being sent from your computer to the Internet. Examples of uploading include sending email, posting photos on a social media site and using user webcam. Even clicking on a link on a web page sends a tiny data upload.
- Downloading Downloading means your computer is receiving data from the Internet Examples of downloading include opening a web page, receiving email, purchasing music files and watching online videos.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the Internet facility for downloading and uploading files. If user are uploading a file to another site, user must usually have permission in advance to access the site and the directory where the file is to be placed.
- Bookmark It is a function used to save a web page location for future reference.
- ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) ASCII character encoding provides a standard way to represent characters using numeric codes. These include upper and lower-case English letters, numbers and punctuation symbols. Lower ASCII, between 32 and 127. Higher ASCII, between 128 and 255.
- Home page Home page is a page where the computer will go to when user initially log onto the Internet.
- Link, Hyperlink
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Chapter: 1.5 Net etiquette Topic: 1.5.1 Net etiquette
Net etiquette
- Communicating with others through Internet without creating misunderstandings can be challenging because, facial expressions and body language cannot be interpreted on cyberspace.
- Therefore, attempt to safeguard against these misunderstandings, a technology called Internet Etiquette is proposed.
- Internet Etiquette is a technology that governs the conduct which is socially acceptable in an online or digital.
- Internet Etiquette’s is also called as "Netiquette".
- Good netiquette involves respecting others privacy and not doing anything online that will annoy or frustrate other people.
- Most important areas where good netiquette is highly stressed are e-mail, online chats, and newsgroups.
- For example, people that spam other users with unnecessary e-mails or flood them with messages have very bad netiquette.
- The companies, without Internet Etiquette knowledge, could create corporate embarrassment and can drain the employee. Guide to Net Etiquette
- Before user join in a newsgroup or discussion board, always they should check that their questions are relevant to the group. It is a good idea to watch the conversation before user join in.
- Never respond to vulgar or threatening messages whether in chat, newsgroups or message boards.
- Always user should leave if the conversation makes them uncomfortable.
- Never hold in a flame war. That is a noisy match (through text) conducted between 2 or more people.
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
- Never use capital letters to send an email. That is always considered to be shouting on the Internet.
- Never say nasty or incorrect things about others especially in public forums, newsgroups, or chat. These remain in many archives and user could be charged with libel.
- User should never forward personal emails to others without checking with the original sender first.
- Similarly, when forwarding an email to others, respect the privacy of the group of friends or family. Do not publicly transmit all their email addresses. Learn to use the BCC command that keeps email addresses private.
- Avoid overuse of emoticons as they really lose their cuteness when overused and tend to irritate people.
FIG 1.3: Net etiquette
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Chapter: 1.6 Internet Applications Topic: 1.6.2 Governance on the Internet
Governance on the Internet
- The term “Internet governance” embrace the key objectives of the 2005 World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).
- Internet governance is the development and function by Governments, the private sector and civil society in their respective roles of shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures and programmes that shape the evolution and use of the Internet.
- Internet governance covers a wide range of issues, from day-to-day technical and operational workings of the Internet to public policy issues such as combating crime on the Internet.
FIG 1.5: Governance on the Internet
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Chapter: 1.7 Impact of Internet on Society Topic: 1.7.1 Impact of Internet on Society
Impact of Internet on Society
- The Internet has a large impact on our society and on the way of living.
- In some cases, using the Internet can save a lot of money and time.
- Shopping on the Internet allows for instant price comparisons without leaving the homes.
- Relationships have changed based on Internet access, e-mail, chat and instant messages.
- People meet and get to know one another online, people can remain in closer contact with friends and family and help keep everyone informed of special events.
- Education has expanded to allowing people to get full degrees online without leaving the comfort of their homes.
- The Internet can be used for soliciting contributions and fundraising. Political action committees have made excellent use of sharing information and raising funds using the Internet.
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Virus spreading
- To prevent becoming an Internet crime, online awareness and common sense are critical.
- Under any circumstances a user should not share personal information (like full name, address, birth date and Social Security number) to unknown recipients.
FIG 1.6: Crime on the Internet
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB DESIGN
Chapter: 1.8 Summary
Topic: Summary
- In this course, user have learned about,
- Internet and their terminology.
- ARPANET and Internet history of the World Wide Web.
- Growth of Internet.
- Net etiquette.
- Internet Applications and their impact Society.