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Exam 2 Study Guide Material Type: Notes; Professor: Krasner; Class: Intl Relations (1st 7 wks); Subject: Political Science; University: Baton Rouge Community College; Term: Spring 2010;
Typology: Study notes
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International Relations Exam II Study Guide Justin Forbes Define the following:
Global – global agenda -- what is it? What are the key issues all countries must address? Globalization – what is it? How – changing levels of international trade Global warming/environmental Disease International terrorism Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction International – limits some foreign policy choices but facilitates others. Foreign policy strategy is heavily influenced by what is going on in the world -- the actions of nation- states in response to achieving their national interests. States and individuals react to and act upon the actions of others states based on their perceptions of history and current international conditions. Polarity – distribution of power Type of system/country’s place in the system Pattern of Military alliances (NATO for instance) Country’s position and capabilities is it a great power, emerging superpower, intermediate power, or lesser power. Geopolitics – theory that states’ foreign policies are determined by their location, natural resources, and physical environment. Military capabilities – though states have similar goals their ability to realize them vary according to their military capabilities. Consider the United States or Russia versus Sudan or Columbia. State Characteristics or Domestic Sources of Foreign Policy Decisions Type of government – Democratic versus authoritarian What factors influence the decision of U.S. Presidents? Congress? Public opinion? Elections? Domestic politics or political competition among political parties or ethnic groups shapes choices Democratic Peace Theory – although democratic states wage wars they do not wage wars against each other. Economy – level of economic development and growth Individuals – Leaders
What is cognitive dissonance? Bounded rationality? (capacity to choose best option constrained by human and organizational choices) Muddling through (proceeding through trial and error ) Other factors impeding rational choice Bureaucratic Model of Decision Making
Foreign Policy Instruments What are they? Define? Diplomacy Bilateral negotiations Multilateral negotiations Foreign Aid
Military power What is: Deterrence – psychological manipulation (Threat of inflicting unacceptable damage on an aggressor) refers to nuclear weapons; government threatens and backs that threat with a sizeable nuclear stockpile if attacked so that aggressors are deterred if they do not want to suffer great damage. Containment – Cold War strategy -- Containment was expressed through a variety of policies and institutions: economic (aid packages), political and, of course, military. What are the priorities today of U.S. foreign policy? What are the key issues and proposed strategies? Iran Afghanistan Iraq China North Korea