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International Communication and Information
Politics
In democratic countries, power is governed by constitutional provisions. In accordance with these provisions, citizens conduct and communicate media messages. The identity of nations is also dependent on the medium of communication , as they have the ability to create , maintain and spoil friendly relations between two countries. The modern communication medium is technology based. On this basis, the whole world can be divided into two parts. First- countries with advanced communication technology , which are engaged in the expansion of imperialism under information politics , and second- countries with underdeveloped communication technology ,Who are opposed to information politics and imperialism on the basis of their limited resources. On the basis of the above division, it can be said that the world is divided into two groups even at the present time. It is different that the partition immediately after the Second World War was political and the present division is based on communication technology.
International communication: The concept of international communication is associated with human civilization , as human beings progressed towards development , they started trying to know in terms of information and cultural activities of other countries. As a result, the concept of international communication originated. In the early era of the development of civilization, 'Deshatan' was the only medium of international communication , under which citizens of one country used to form groups and travel to another country by land route and meet the citizens of each other through cultural activities. Used to be familiar. After this , he returned home and narrated the travelogue to the people of his society and gave information about the culture of other countries.
Using technology in the field of international communication 18 first UK has to maintain government control over the power in its overseas colonies in the century. For this, messages were exchanged with the help of a synchronous cable line. However , it did not involve common people. Common people used to work in international communication only through 'Deshatan'. Later, after the emergence and development of printing technology, the work of international communication through books started.
International Communication and News Committee: After the development of print media, newspapers and magazines started being used in the field of international communication. Correspondents appointed at ports used to compile international news in conversation with sailors and passengers. Lacked objectivity and authenticity of such news , which led went felt the need to provide for the compilation of news from trusted sources at a certain place and publication , which led to news agency ( News
Agency ) was born envisaged. French citizen Charles housing called the father of modern news committee , which was in 1825 in " News Bureau Named the world's first news committee and appointed correspondents in the capitals of European countries to compile the news. Initially the accommodation was made available to its customers with the help of specialized carrier or postal department. Later , wire was used for this purpose. In 1840 the housing as a pilot project in Paris , began the task of sending news via pigeons between London and Brussels , which is a unique example of international communication. This gave the ' News Bureau' immense popularity. In 1848 , Charles' residence took 6 to 10 He started sending news with the help of telescopy at a distance of a kilometer. The same year a system of sending news from the telegraph developed. In 1849 , two employees of the residence independently formed the News Committee. The first of these was Bernard Wolfe , who started a news committee called ' Wolff '. However , Bernard Wolfe started experimenting with a stock exchange from Berlin a year ago under the title ' National Jeitong '. The second was - Julius Reuters of Germany , who ' Reuters' Formed a news committee called. Julius Reuters's news committee made full use of postal stations and railways for news compilation and distribution.
News Committee emergence even in European countries , but not the US insulated from its effects. In 1848 , some New York newspapers formed a news committee called the ' Harbor News Association' , which transmitted international news through boats. In 1850 , the ' General News Association' was formed. In 1857 , both were merged as ' National New York Associated Press'. The committee entered into a trade agreement with ' Housing' and ' Reuters' for news in Europe , Which exemplifies the development of international communication. However, this agreement did not last long. At the same time a new news committee 'United Press Association' was formed , which merged into a new news committee called 'United Press International' in 1909. The three news committees in Europe - 'Housing' , ' Wolff' and 'Reuters' - decided to work internationally. This gave impetus to the development and expansion of the news committee as an international communication medium.
International information flow: The world after World War II (1939– 1945 ) was divided into two factions on political grounds. One group led the imperialist America and the other group led the communist Soviet Union. Among them were some third world developing countries like India , which were gradually becoming independent from foreign colonies. Most of these countries were of weak economic condition , which neither contributed to international information flow nor could understand its importance. US Secretary of State William Vance emphasized international information flow in the interests of developed countries. The United Nations (UNO) was also used for this.
session laid down the following guidelines for New World Information and Communication System (NWICO) : -
- To eliminate the imbalance in the existing communication system.
- To eliminate the negative effects of monopolistic , public , private and highly centralized system.
- To remove internal and external obstacles in the path of free flow and expansion of ideas and information.
- To increase the number of means and mediums of information.
- Ensuring freedom of information and expression.
- To ensure responsible freedom of journalists and people connected with media.
- To enhance the equipment and training to the developing countries according to their capacity and to develop the communication system according to the basic facilities , requirements and objectives.
- To inculcate the spirit of cooperation in the attainment of these objectives in developed countries.
- To respect each other's cultural identity and the right of each country to inform the world about its wider social and cultural interest.
- To respect individual rights in the context of international exchange of information.
- To respect the right of every person to participate in the information and communication system.
The new world information and communication system is the main tool for the development of third world countries. Developing countries are constantly trying for this.
McBride Commission: UNESCO since 1977 to set up an international commission , headed by former Secretary of State Siyen McBride Ireland. In addition to this world-renowned Canadian communicator Marshall McLuhan , a total of 15 communications experts , academics , journalism and broadcasting experts were made , including Michio Nagai , Mustafa Masmudi , Moktar Lewis , Elbe Ma Ekenjo, in this commission. The McBride Commission studied the problem of free and balanced flow of information keeping the need of developing countries in perspective of the new economy and 82Made important suggestions. The McBride Commission ended automatically after submitting its report.
In 1980 McBride commission 'world - the series' ( Many Voices One
World ) presented its study titled , went to which expressed concern over imperialist and totalitarian domination of mass media in the West. In this report UNESCO presented at the Belgrade conference. Meanwhile, developed countries in the West refused to accept the McBride Commission's suggestions. The McBride Commission suggested that - 'Media should be used as tools of social or economic policy'. Whereas Western countries
argued that - 'Media should determine its own purpose and the criteria for implementation , not governments or international organizations'.
Belgrade had approved the proposals at the meeting , among them the most important thing that has called upon all member countries to their national communication capabilities to develop and consider , taking into account the need to protect freedom of expression and information communication Be part of the development strategy of. At the same time, UNESCO was expected to play a pivotal role in identifying and resolving problems in the new field of information and communication. Despite this, no decision was made to make any kind of international law. The United States was the first to oppose international law in the context of international communication and information flow, and it broke away from UNESCO. Later Britain too started following the path of America and it too fell apart.
Non-Aligned News Committee Pool : In July 1976 , the Conference of Non-Aligned Countries was held in New Delhi , which expressed concern over the imbalanced information flow during international communication and passed a resolution after intensive deliberation under the new world information and communication system. Non-Aligned News Committee Pool was formed. Under this, news exchanges were arranged between news committees of non-aligned countries. India became the first president of this pool from 1976 to 1979. Its field of work extends to all the four continents of the world - Asia , Eastern Europe , Africa and Latin America. Four languages - English , French through the NAM Pool, News began to be exchanged in Spanish and Arabic.
Operating the pool activities are carried out by an elected body , the Coordination Committee is also called. The term of the chairman of the pool is three years. The members of the coordination committee are selected on the basis of regional representation , continuity , active participation and order. News Pool Desk Operations in India, Bhapress Trust of India ; It is done by moonlight.
India's role: international communication sector per cent new world information and establish communication (NWICO) and development is an important part of India , because India Nuko target acquisition and re- building principles , always to increase defense further Has been trying 20 of UNESCO held in 1978 The delegation of India, along with the Sri Lankan delegates, played an important role in reducing the tension in the East-West countries at the 21st Conference. It is also mentioned in the mass media announcement. The goal of the new world information and communication system is to provide a balanced flow of information to harmonize international communication. To achieve this goal, the Non-Aligned News Committee Pool was formed under the leadership of India. Apart from this , a variety of programs are being conducted by the Government of India at the
