Intercultural Communication: A Comprehensive Study Guide, Exams of International Communication

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Intercultural Communication Study Guide

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ENG 111 1, Culture and Communication— i. Cullure— the system of shared values, belie!s, attitudes and norms thal guide what is considered appropriate among an identifiable group of people ii. Values— Commonly accepted standards of whal is considered right and wrong, good and evil, fair and unfair. etc iii. Real values— Values that guide actual behavior iv. Ideal values— Values members profess to hold y. Intercultural communication— Interactions that occur between people whose cultures are so different that the communications between them is altered vi. Culture shock— Ps situation chological discomfort when engaging in a new cultural 2. Dominant Cultures, Co—cultures, and Cultural Identity ¢ Dominant cullure- Learned system of norms held by the majority group of empowered people in a society (Immigrants adopting Amcrican names to fit in) e Co-culture— A group comprised of a smaller number of people who hold common values, beliefs, attitudes and customs that differ from those of the dominant culture e Code switch— Altering onc's linguistic and nonverbal patterns to conform to dominant or co— culture depending on the topic and participants involved (Speaking different languages in different settings) e Cultural identity— The part of our self concept that i ed on how closely we associate with both the dominant culture and various cocultures i. Race ii. Ethnicity— a shared cultural heritage that is learned (While someone may say their race is “Black,” thcir ethnicity might be Italian, or someone may say thcir race is "White," and their ethnicity is Irish.) Race e Narrow e Based on similar physical and biological attributes Ethnicity e Broad e = Based on cultural expression and place of origin iii. Sex and Gender— Biological determined physical traits (male or female) AND Learned roles and communication patterns deemed “appropriate” for males and females iv. Religion— A belicf system with a set of rituals and cthical standards based on common perception of what on a common perception of what is sacred or holy vy. Sociocconomics Status— The position of a person or family in the power hicrarchy of a socicty based on income, education, and occupation vi. Age/Generalion vii. Disability— Any physical. emotional, mental, or cognitive impairment thal impacts how a person functions in society 3. Tow Cultures Dilfer i. Individualistic Cultures— Value personal rights and responsibilities, privacy, freedom, innovation, and self-expression. (North Amcrica, Europe) Collectivist Cultures— Value community, collaboration, shared interests, harmony, the public good, and avoiding embarrassment (Asia, South Amcrica, Africa) iv. Uncertainty Avoidance— the extent to which people desire to predict what is going to happen e Low Uncertainty Avoidance Cultures— Tend to have a high tolerance for uncertainty (US, Europe) e High Uncertainty Avoidance Cultures—Tend to have a low tolerance for uncertainty (Germany, Portugal) vy. Power Distance— Degree to which power is equally or unequally shared e High Power Distance Cultures— Accept uncqual power distribution is accepted (Asia) ¢ Tow Power Distance Cultures— Prefer power to be equally distributed (US) vi. Masculinity/ Femininity e Masculine Culture— Adhere to traditional gender roles and behaviors e Feminine Culture— people assume a varicty of roles regardless of sex vii. Long Term Orientation/ Short Term Orientation— e Long Term Oricntation— Valuc rewards that will be realized in the future (Europe) ¢ Short Term Oricntation— Value rewards in the here and now (Asia) 4, Developing Intercultural Communication Competence Intercultural communication competence (ICC) is the ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in various cultural contexts, i. Potential Barricrs e Anxicty e Assumed Similarity or Difference For example, in America, it is generally considered rude to snap your fingers to signal the waiter. However, in other cultures this is not rude. But by assuming similarity instead of difference, one would be acting rudcly if he or she called the waiter in that way. e¢ Ethnocentrism— The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures e Slereolyping— Assuming everyone in a cullural group is the same ¢ Incompatible Communication Codes— e Incompatible Norms and Values— ii, Competent Communication Strategics A. Acquire Accurate Knowledge ¢ Formal Study