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Autogenous |infection |- |correct |answer |✔self |generated |infection |that |occurs |if |the |conditions |are |right |for |the |microorganism
Resistance |- |correct |answer |✔the |ability |to |produce |antibodies |in |response |to |an |antigen |or |pathogen |may |be |permanent |or |transient
Antigen |- |correct |answer |✔substance |that |induces |a |specific |immune |response |in |reaction |to |the |antibody
Antibody |- |correct |answer |✔a |protein |molecule |in |response |to |an |antigen
How |do |antigens |and |antibodies |create |resistance? |- |correct |answer |✔happens |naturally |after |antigen-antibody |response, |helps |protect |against |disease |can |be |PERMANENT |or |TRANSIENT
Immunity |- |correct |answer |✔the |resistance |a |person |has |against |a |foreign |substance
Cell |mediated |immunity |- |correct |answer |✔no |anti-body |production |( |immune |system |comes |to |the |rescue |with |T |cells) |NO |MEMORY
Humoral |immunity |- |correct |answer |✔produces |antibodies |that |target |specific |pathogens |and |produces |histamine |in |the |body |MEMORY |( |B |cells)
Natural |Immunity |- |correct |answer |✔contains|both |active |and |passive |immunity
Natural |Active |immunity |- |correct |answer |✔acquired |by |contracting |a |disease |( |ex |chicken |pox)
Natural |Passive |immunity |- |correct |answer |✔temporary |and |short |term, |(ex |from |fetus |to |mother)
Artificial |immunity |- |correct |answer |✔contains |both |active |and |passive |immunity
Artificial |active |immunity |- |correct |answer |✔vaccinations |, |long |term |, |just |enough |for |antigen/antibody |response
Artificial |passive |immunity |- |correct |answer |✔immunity |with |a |short |duration |from |ready |made |antibodies |(ex |gammaglobulin |in |Hep |B |post-exposure)
Common |immunizations |for |oral |health |care |workers |- |correct |answer |✔Hep |B- |series |of |three |then |check |for |titer |
Flu |Shot- |annual |
MMR
Tetanus
Tetanus |- |correct |answer |✔vaccine- | 1 |dose |when |child, |then |another |every | 10 |years
passive |immunity |immune |response |from |HB |vaccine
Incubation |period |of |HBV |- |correct |answer |✔4-25 |weeks
HepB |surface |agent--> |HBsAG |can |be |detected |as |soon |as | 30 |days |
60% |of |HBV |victims |have |subclinical |symptoms
Transmission |routes |of |HBV |- |correct |answer |✔blood( |has |a |carrier |state), |percutaneous, |perinatal |exposure, |sexual, |IV |drug |users |and |blood |transfusions
Tuberculosis |- |correct |answer |✔no |vaccine |available|yet, |TB |test |should |be |done |yearly, |** |very |contagious |& |hard |to |get |rid |of
- |if |positive |patient |must |have |a |chest |x-ray |to |determine |if |tubercle |bacillus |is |in |the |lungs |( |creates |scar |tissue)
TB |drugs |- |correct |answer |✔-takes |direct |observe |therapy |(DOT) |for |6-9 |months
-Rifampin |and |isoniazid |for |6-9|months
Disease |process |of |TB |- |correct |answer |✔If |enough |M. |tuberculosis |bacteria |reaches |the |alveoli |of |the |lung |and |begins |to |multiply
Mantoux |test |- |correct |answer |✔PPD |test- |purified |protein |derivative
-skin |test |read |48-72 |hours |after |injection
10mm |or |greater |= |positive |infection
Epstein-Barr |Virus |(EBV) |- |correct |answer |✔Herpes |virus |type | 4
affects |children, |usually |no |symptoms |in |adults
MONONUCLEOSIS
- |spread |by |saliva |or |blood, |"kissing |disease"
-can |be |latent |and |reactive
Varicella |Zoster |Virus |(VZV) |- |correct |answer |✔Herpes|virus |type | 3
-causes |chicken |pox |and |shingles |as |an |adult
-60 |and |older |can |get |vaccine |
-Droplet |infection, |and |is |spread |through |bloodstream |to |skin |and |organs
-highly |contagious
Seroconversion |- |correct |answer |✔Conversion |of |blood |after |exposure |to |etiologic |agent(s) |
negative= |seronegative
positive= |seropositive
HSV-1 |- |correct |answer |✔Herpes |simplex |virus | 1 |
-causes |infection |of |mouth, |skin, |eyes, |genital |and |those |with |compromised |immune |system |
-may |be |widespread |(systemic) |
- |causes |viral |oral |diseases |ex: |primary |herpetic |gingivostomatitis |and |fever |blisters
50% |of |population |has |had |HAV
HCV |- |correct |answer |✔Hepatitis |C |infection |
Used |to |be |called |NON |A |and |NON |B |
-no |vaccine!
-blood |borne |
60-70% |of |people|infected |have |no |symptoms
-can |take |up |to | 20 |years |to |develop--first |sign |is |liver |disease
Transmission |of |HCV |- |correct |answer |✔repeated |exposure |through |IV |drug |use |and |tattoos
Incubation |period |of |HCV |- |correct |answer |✔2-25 |weeks
90% |of |people |who |take |active |antiviral |can |cure|hep |C
AAT |--> |active |antiviral |therapy
HVD |(delta |hepatitis) |- |correct |answer |✔Hepatitis |D
-can |only |exist |if |HBV |is |present |
-transmission |is |the |same |as |HBV |but |occurs |with |multiple |exposures |
-very |immunocompromised |( |often |HIV-AIDS |positive |will |develop |HVD) |
-delta |antigen |superimposes |oh |HBsAG |
-symptoms |same |has |HBV |- |very |fatal
HEV |(enteric |hepatitis) |- |correct |answer |✔Transmitted |person |to |person |or |through |contaminated |water
-no |chronic |state, |no |vaccine
-prevent |by |hand |washing
-rare |in |this |country, |more |common |in |3rd |world
HIV |- |correct |answer |✔Human |Immunodeficiency |Virus
AIDS |- |correct |answer |✔Acquired |immunodeficiency |syndrome |caused |by |HIV |(when |person |has | 1 |or |more |AIDS |related |indicators)
ARC= |Aids |related |complex, |patient |exhibits |classic |symptoms: |diarrhea, |unexplained |weight |loss |* |first |symptoms |of |aids |
- |Prevention:
(A) |Primary |Prevention | → |person |is |NOT |infected |(I.E. |abstinence, |limit |# |of |sex |partners, |condoms, |infection |control, |avoid |blood-contaminated |needles)
(B) |Secondary |Prevention | → |person |is |already |infected |(I.E. |get |tested, |monotherapy |or |combined |drug |treatment |for |mothers)
HIV |routes |of |transmission |- |correct |answer |✔blood, |semen, |vaginal |secretions, |breast |milk |* |not |through |tears |or |sweat
-HIV |is |higher |now |than | 2007 |
saliva |is |not |documented |
**95% |of |people |infected |will |seroconvert |within | 6 |months
( |6-12 |weeks |after |initial |infection)
Early |HIV |- |Category |I |- |correct |answer |✔CD4 |count |is |greater |than |500cells/mm
symptoms: |lymphadenopathy, |skin |lesions, |herpes |simplex |labials(oral |herpes), |hairy |leukoplakia |(hairy |tongue)
Intermediate |Stage |of |HIV |-Category |II |- |correct |answer |✔CD4 |count |200- |cells/mm
symptoms: |skin |lesions, |oral |lesions( |candidiasis-- |a |predictor |for |(PCP) |pneumocystic |carinii |pneumonia) |fever, |weight |loss, |headaches, |oral |lesions |** |leading |cause |of |death |is |PCP
Late |stage |of |HIV- |Category |III |- |correct |answer |✔CD4 |count |50-200 |cells/mm
Symptoms |include |AIDS |Indicator |Conditions: |
-opportunistic |infections- |microorganisms |are |capable |of |taking |over |a |immunocompromised |person |(wouldn't |happen |in |healthy |person) |
-Constitutional |Disease- |AKA |HIV |wasting |syndrome(fever, |weight |loss, |anemia, |weakness, |dementia, |degeneration |of |body) |
-Encephalophathy- |organic |mental |disorders |( |poor |memory, |depression, |motor |dysfunction) |
-Neoplasms |- |Kapsosi's |sarcoma, |brain |cancer, |hodgkins |lymphoma
Cytomegalovirus |- |correct |answer |✔herpesvirus |type | 5 | → |cause |cytomegalic |inclusion |disease, |found |in |newborns |& |immunocompromised
- |Transmission: |transplanted |tissue, |bodily |fluids |(saliva, |vaginal |secretions, |semen, |breast |milk, |blood)
- |Symptoms: |mental |retardation, |deafness, |internal |organ |damage,high |fatality |rate
Primary |Herpetic |Gingivostomatitis |- |correct |answer |✔-first |outbreak |of |Herpes |Simplex | 1 |( |mostly |children) |
-may |present |a |multi-blister |rash |intraorally |from |the |lips |back |to |the |throat
-Very |painful |and |often |child |cannot |eat
-Takes |7-10 |days |to |clear |
- |once |herpes |infects |body |it|lies |dormant |until |stress |causes|recurrence |and |blister |forms |( |recurrent |herpes)
Herpetic |Whitlow |- |correct |answer |✔herpes |on |the |finger |- |seen |years |ago |when |gloves |were |not |worn |( |may |be |simplex | 1 |or |2)
Creutzfeldt- |Jakob |disease |- |correct |answer |✔Known |as |CJD |or |vCJD |
-prion |disease |causing |spongiform |encephalopathies--> |pirons |are |abnormal |pathofens |that |distroy |brain |tissue |
( |belongs |to |human |and |animal |disease |* |bovine |disease) |
-rapid |dementia, |muscle |jerks
Post |exposure |plan |- |correct |answer |✔HBV-exposure | → |high-titer |gammaglobulin |(HBIG |= |anti-HB |immune |serum |globulin)
