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A concise overview of key concepts in cell biology, focusing on the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It covers essential components such as the plasma membrane, cell wall, organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. The document also touches on the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and the endosymbiont theory, offering a foundational understanding of cellular biology. It is useful for students studying for exams or reviewing basic concepts. Questions and answers about the topic.
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Light 5 microscope 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Objective 5 lens 5 and 5 ocular 5 glass 5 lenses Light 5 microscope 5 power 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1000-1500x Transmission 5 Electron 5 Microscope 5 (TEM) 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Illumination 5 provided 5 by 5 electron 5 beam Transmission 5 electron 5 microscope 5 power 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Magnification 5 2 5 million 5 times; 5 2 5 to 5 4 5 Angstroms Scanning 5 electron 5 microscope 5 (SEM) 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Electrons 5 do 5 not 5 pass 5 through 5 specimen; 5 great 5 3D 5 image Scanning 5 electron 5 microscope 5 power 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Less 5 than 5 TEM. Prokaryotic 5 cells 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔do 5 not 5 have 5 a 5 nucleus 5 or 5 other 5 membrane-bound 5 organelles
Eukaryotic 5 cells 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Contain 5 a 5 nucleus 5 and 5 other 5 organelles 5 that 5 are 5 bound 5 by 5 membranes. Prokaryote 5 Plasma 5 membrane 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Encloses 5 cytoplasm Prokaryote 5 Cell 5 wall 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Provides 5 rigidity Prokaryote 5 Capsule 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Sticky 5 coating Prokaryote 5 Flagellum 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔For 5 propulsion Prokaryote 5 ribisomes 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Synthesize 5 proteins Prokaryote 5 nucleoid 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Contains 5 DNA Prokaryote 5 pili 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Attachment 5 structures ___________________ 5 attach 5 to 5 the 5 outside 5 of 5 gram-negative 5 bacterial 5 cell 5 walls 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Lipopolysaccharides Animal 5 cell 5 cytoskeleton 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔protein 5 filaments 5 that 5 provide 5 shape 5 and 5 aid 5 in 5 movement
Smooth 5 ER 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔That 5 portion 5 of 5 the 5 endoplasmic 5 reticulum 5 that 5 is 5 free 5 of 5 ribosomes. 5 Makes 5 lipids. Unlike 5 animal 5 cells, 5 plant 5 cells 5 have 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1. 5 Chloroplasts
Human 5 DNA 5 packing 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ 3 5 billion 5 nucleotides, 5 packed 5 into 5 10 5 um 5 human 5 nucleus; 5 packing 5 ratio 5 10,000x Average 5 human 5 chromosome 5 length 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔4.5 5 um Linear 5 DNA 5 packing 5 ratio 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1x Nucleosome 5 packing 5 ratio 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔6x Nucleosome 5 around 5 30nm 5 fiber 5 packing 5 ratio 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1,000x Mitotic 5 chromosome 5 packing 5 ratio 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔10,000x Ribosomes 5 (more 5 detailed) 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ 4 5 rRNAs 5 and 5 ~80 5 rproteins; 5 partially 5 assembled 5 in 5 the 5 nucleolus 5 & 5 completely 5 in 5 the 5 cytoplasm Protein 5 synthesis 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔DNA 5 -> 5 mRNA 5 -> 5 protein The 5 mRNA 5 goes 5 to 5 the 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ribosomes Ribosomes 5 translate 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔mRNA 5 into 5 proteins
Food 5 vacuoles 5 fuse 5 with 5 lysosomes 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔exposing 5 food 5 to 5 enzymes 5 to 5 digest 5 the 5 food Small 5 molecules 5 from 5 digestion 5 leave 5 the 5 lysosome 5 and 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔nourish 5 the 5 cell Peroxisome 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Bounded 5 by 5 a 5 single 5 bi-lipid 5 layer 5 membrane Peroxisome 5 contains 5 enzymes 5 for 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Breakdown 5 of 5 fatty 5 acids, 5 detoxification 5 (via 5 oxidation) 5 of 5 substances 5 e.g. 5 drugs 5 and 5 alcohol. Central 5 vacuoles 5 of 5 plants 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1. 5 Store 5 organic 5 nutrients 5 & 5 waste 5 (bitter 5 taste 5 to 5 animals)
Chloroplast 5 uses 5 photosynthesis 5 to 5 make 5 food, 5 passes 5 that 5 food 5 on 5 to 5 the 5 mitochondrion. 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Mitochondrion 5 performs 5 cellular 5 respiration 5 to 5 make 5 ATP. Mitochondrion 5 structure 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Outer 5 membrane; 5 inner 5 membrane; 5 cristae; 5 space 5 between 5 membranes Mitochondria 5 and 5 chloroplasts 5 contain 5 their 5 own 5 _________ 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔DNA 5 (which 5 encodes 5 some 5 of 5 their 5 proteins) Endosymbiont 5 theory 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔The 5 theory 5 that 5 mitochondria 5 and 5 plastids, 5 including 5 chloroplasts, 5 originated 5 as 5 prokaryotic 5 cells 5 engulfed 5 by 5 an 5 ancestral 5 eukaryotic 5 cell. 5 The 5 engulfed 5 cell 5 and 5 its 5 host 5 cell 5 then 5 evolved 5 into 5 a 5 single 5 organism. Chloroplasts 5 contain 5 the 5 green 5 pigment 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔chlorophyll, 5 as 5 well 5 as 5 enzymes 5 and 5 other 5 molecules 5 that 5 function 5 in 5 photosynthesis The 5 cytoskeleton 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Contains 5 several 5 fibers 5 made 5 from 5 different 5 proteins. 5 Functions 5 for: