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Cell Biology Exam Prep: Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells & Organelles, Exams of Biology

A concise overview of key concepts in cell biology, focusing on the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It covers essential components such as the plasma membrane, cell wall, organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. The document also touches on the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and the endosymbiont theory, offering a foundational understanding of cellular biology. It is useful for students studying for exams or reviewing basic concepts. Questions and answers about the topic.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/06/2025

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Indiana 5 University 5 Bloomington 5
BIOL-L 5 112 5 Powerpoint 5 2 5 exam 5 with 5
verified 5 solutions
Light 5 microscope 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 Objective 5 lens 5 and 5 ocular 5 glass 5 lenses
Light 5 microscope 5 power 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 1000-1500x
Transmission 5 Electron 5 Microscope 5 (TEM) 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 Illumination 5
provided 5 by 5 electron 5 beam
Transmission 5 electron 5 microscope 5 power 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 Magnification 5 2
5 million 5 times; 5 2 5 to 5 4 5 Angstroms
Scanning 5 electron 5 microscope 5 (SEM) 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 Electrons 5 do 5 not 5
pass 5 through 5 specimen; 5 great 5 3D 5 image
Scanning 5 electron 5 microscope 5 power 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 Less 5 than 5 TEM.
Prokaryotic 5 cells 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 do 5 not 5 have 5 a 5 nucleus 5 or 5 other 5
membrane-bound 5 organelles
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Indiana 5 University 5 Bloomington 5

BIOL-L 5 112 5 Powerpoint 5 2 5 exam 5 with 5

verified 5 solutions

Light 5 microscope 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Objective 5 lens 5 and 5 ocular 5 glass 5 lenses Light 5 microscope 5 power 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1000-1500x Transmission 5 Electron 5 Microscope 5 (TEM) 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Illumination 5 provided 5 by 5 electron 5 beam Transmission 5 electron 5 microscope 5 power 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Magnification 5 2 5 million 5 times; 5 2 5 to 5 4 5 Angstroms Scanning 5 electron 5 microscope 5 (SEM) 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Electrons 5 do 5 not 5 pass 5 through 5 specimen; 5 great 5 3D 5 image Scanning 5 electron 5 microscope 5 power 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Less 5 than 5 TEM. Prokaryotic 5 cells 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔do 5 not 5 have 5 a 5 nucleus 5 or 5 other 5 membrane-bound 5 organelles

Eukaryotic 5 cells 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Contain 5 a 5 nucleus 5 and 5 other 5 organelles 5 that 5 are 5 bound 5 by 5 membranes. Prokaryote 5 Plasma 5 membrane 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Encloses 5 cytoplasm Prokaryote 5 Cell 5 wall 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Provides 5 rigidity Prokaryote 5 Capsule 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Sticky 5 coating Prokaryote 5 Flagellum 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔For 5 propulsion Prokaryote 5 ribisomes 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Synthesize 5 proteins Prokaryote 5 nucleoid 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Contains 5 DNA Prokaryote 5 pili 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Attachment 5 structures ___________________ 5 attach 5 to 5 the 5 outside 5 of 5 gram-negative 5 bacterial 5 cell 5 walls 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Lipopolysaccharides Animal 5 cell 5 cytoskeleton 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔protein 5 filaments 5 that 5 provide 5 shape 5 and 5 aid 5 in 5 movement

Smooth 5 ER 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔That 5 portion 5 of 5 the 5 endoplasmic 5 reticulum 5 that 5 is 5 free 5 of 5 ribosomes. 5 Makes 5 lipids. Unlike 5 animal 5 cells, 5 plant 5 cells 5 have 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1. 5 Chloroplasts

  1. 5 Cell 5 walls 5 made 5 of 5 cellulose Plasma 5 membrane 5 fluid 5 mosaic 5 model 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Phospholipid 5 bilayer 5 with 5 a 5 diversity 5 of 5 proteins 5 allowing 5 for 5 transport 5 across 5 the 5 membrane. Nucleus 5 is 5 separated 5 from 5 cytoplasm 5 by 5 a 5 double 5 membrane 5 called 5 the 5 _______________ 5 _________________. 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Nuclear 5 envelope. The 5 nuclear 5 envelope 5 has 5 _____________ 5 for 5 selective 5 transport 5 of 5 substances 5 across 5 it. 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Pores Nucleolus 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Where 5 ribosome 5 precursors 5 are 5 assembled. Chromatin 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Long 5 DNA 5 molecules 5 & 5 associated 5 proteins Nucleosome 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Unit 5 of 5 DNA 5 packaging Human 5 DNA 5 length 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ 2 5 meters

Human 5 DNA 5 packing 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ 3 5 billion 5 nucleotides, 5 packed 5 into 5 10 5 um 5 human 5 nucleus; 5 packing 5 ratio 5 10,000x Average 5 human 5 chromosome 5 length 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔4.5 5 um Linear 5 DNA 5 packing 5 ratio 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1x Nucleosome 5 packing 5 ratio 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔6x Nucleosome 5 around 5 30nm 5 fiber 5 packing 5 ratio 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1,000x Mitotic 5 chromosome 5 packing 5 ratio 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔10,000x Ribosomes 5 (more 5 detailed) 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ 4 5 rRNAs 5 and 5 ~80 5 rproteins; 5 partially 5 assembled 5 in 5 the 5 nucleolus 5 & 5 completely 5 in 5 the 5 cytoplasm Protein 5 synthesis 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔DNA 5 -> 5 mRNA 5 -> 5 protein The 5 mRNA 5 goes 5 to 5 the 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔ribosomes Ribosomes 5 translate 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔mRNA 5 into 5 proteins

Food 5 vacuoles 5 fuse 5 with 5 lysosomes 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔exposing 5 food 5 to 5 enzymes 5 to 5 digest 5 the 5 food Small 5 molecules 5 from 5 digestion 5 leave 5 the 5 lysosome 5 and 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔nourish 5 the 5 cell Peroxisome 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Bounded 5 by 5 a 5 single 5 bi-lipid 5 layer 5 membrane Peroxisome 5 contains 5 enzymes 5 for 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Breakdown 5 of 5 fatty 5 acids, 5 detoxification 5 (via 5 oxidation) 5 of 5 substances 5 e.g. 5 drugs 5 and 5 alcohol. Central 5 vacuoles 5 of 5 plants 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔1. 5 Store 5 organic 5 nutrients 5 & 5 waste 5 (bitter 5 taste 5 to 5 animals)

  1. 5 Break 5 down 5 waste
  2. 5 Absorb 5 water
  3. 5 May 5 contain 5 pigments 5 or 5 poisons Tonoplast 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Membrane 5 that 5 surrounds 5 a 5 vacuole 5 in 5 a 5 plant 5 cell Vacuoles 5 in 5 animal 5 cells 5 are 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔relatively 5 small

Chloroplast 5 uses 5 photosynthesis 5 to 5 make 5 food, 5 passes 5 that 5 food 5 on 5 to 5 the 5 mitochondrion. 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Mitochondrion 5 performs 5 cellular 5 respiration 5 to 5 make 5 ATP. Mitochondrion 5 structure 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Outer 5 membrane; 5 inner 5 membrane; 5 cristae; 5 space 5 between 5 membranes Mitochondria 5 and 5 chloroplasts 5 contain 5 their 5 own 5 _________ 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔DNA 5 (which 5 encodes 5 some 5 of 5 their 5 proteins) Endosymbiont 5 theory 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔The 5 theory 5 that 5 mitochondria 5 and 5 plastids, 5 including 5 chloroplasts, 5 originated 5 as 5 prokaryotic 5 cells 5 engulfed 5 by 5 an 5 ancestral 5 eukaryotic 5 cell. 5 The 5 engulfed 5 cell 5 and 5 its 5 host 5 cell 5 then 5 evolved 5 into 5 a 5 single 5 organism. Chloroplasts 5 contain 5 the 5 green 5 pigment 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔chlorophyll, 5 as 5 well 5 as 5 enzymes 5 and 5 other 5 molecules 5 that 5 function 5 in 5 photosynthesis The 5 cytoskeleton 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Contains 5 several 5 fibers 5 made 5 from 5 different 5 proteins. 5 Functions 5 for:

  1. 5 Mechanical 5 support
  2. 5 Shape
  3. 5 Movement Microtubules 5 in 5 the 5 cytoskeleton 5 - 5 Correct 5 answer 5 ✔Straight 5 and 5 hollow 5 tubes 5 that 5 guide 5 the 5 movement 5 of 5 organelles 5 and 5 chromosomes