Immune response to cancer, Summaries of Pathology

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Immune Response and Reaction

on Cancer

Presented by: [Your Name] Department of Pathology MBBS 2nd Year

Introduction

• (^) - Cancer arises due to uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells.
• (^) - The immune system plays a crucial role in:
• (^) • Immunosurveillance
• (^) • Immunoediting
• (^) • Modulating tumor microenvironment

Innate Immune Response

• (^) - NK Cells: target cells with low MHC I, use perforins and granzymes
• (^) - Macrophages (M1): activated by IFN-γ, release ROS and TNF-α

Adaptive Immune Response

• (^) - CD8+ CTLs: recognize MHC I-bound tumor antigens
• (^) - CD4+ T cells: activate CTLs and macrophages
• (^) - B cells: antibody production, ADCC, complement activation

Immunoediting

• (^) - Elimination: immune destruction of tumor
• (^) - Equilibrium: dormancy phase
• (^) - Escape: immune-resistant tumor proliferation

Immunotherapy Approaches

• (^) - Checkpoint inhibitors: Anti-PD-1, CTLA-
• (^) - CAR T-cell therapy: B-cell ALL
• (^) - Cancer vaccines: HPV, HBV
• (^) - Monoclonal antibodies: Trastuzumab, Rituximab

Summary

• (^) - Immunity plays dual roles in cancer
• (^) - Evasion and immunoediting aid tumor survival
• (^) - Immunotherapies are revolutionizing treatment
• (^) - Ongoing research is critical

References

• (^) 1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 10th ed.
• (^) 2. Harsh Mohan Pathology, 8th ed.
• (^) 3. Ramdas Nayak Manual of Pathology