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A comprehensive guide to identifying independent and dependent variables in scientific experiments, suitable for 7th-grade science students. it includes numerous examples illustrating the concepts of independent and dependent variables, definitions of key terms like hypothesis and scientific method, and a step-by-step explanation of the scientific method. The examples are clear and easy to understand, making it an excellent resource for students learning about experimental design and data analysis.
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Listening to a radio broadcast of a sports event while studying for a test decreases performances on the test - correct answers ✅IV: listening to a radio DV: test performance People will become shy if they are in a crowd - correct answers ✅IV: crowd (number of people around) DV: shyness Smoking cigarettes while driving a car increases lung cancer - correct answers ✅IV: smoking cigarettes DV: rate of lung cancer Having longer football practice increases touchdowns during games - correct answers ✅IV: length of football practice DV: number of touchdowns during games Eating lemons causes students to have higher test scores - correct answers ✅IV: lemon consumption
DV: test scores Eating sugar impairs performance on a memory task - correct answers ✅IV: eating sugar DV: memory level Drinking Red Bull increases hyperactivity in children - correct answers ✅IV: Red Bull consumption DV: rate of hyperactivity Too much stress causes stomach aches - correct answers ✅IV: stress level DV: rate of stomach aches More sleeps help students move to class more quickly - correct answers ✅IV: hours of sleep DV: time it takes for students to get to class
Hypothesis - correct answers ✅a possible explanation for a problem or a question that can be tested. (educated guess, prediction) Independent Variable - correct answers ✅the variable the scientist changes (has control over) to determine its effect on another variable (cause) Dependent Variable - correct answers ✅the variable that changes in response to the independent variable and is measureable Experimental Group - correct answers ✅the group that receives experimental treatment or is changed (gets the variable) Control Group - correct answers ✅group that receives no experimental treatment and is used to compare results (does not get the independent variable tested on it)
Constant or controlled variables - correct answers ✅Things that the experimenter wants to remain the same throughout the entire experiment. variable - correct answers ✅anything that changes within an experiment 7 steps of the scientific method - correct answers ✅express the problem (experiment) gather background info develop a hypothesis (attempt to answer the problem) gather materials procedure (step by step directions) observations (collect data) conclusion (compare results to original hypothesis) step 1 - correct answers ✅Ask a question step 2 - correct answers ✅Form a hypothesis