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IAAI CFI STUDY QUESTIONS & ANSWERS COMPILED TO ASSIST IN PREPARATION FOR THE IAAI CFI CERTIFICATION TEST) ALREADY GRADED A+ NEWLY UPDATED 2025. Combustible Liquid - ANS-A liquid with a flash point ABOVE 100F 12.5 - ANS-If the current flowing out from an electrical panel is 12.5 amps, and it then flows through an electrical load of 1500 watts, what is the amperage of the remaining current flow of the return circuit? 1000 - ANS-If a hair dryer draws 8.3amps (in a home with 120-volt service), what is the wattage? *Power (P) = current (I) x voltage (V) Watts = amps x volts 1987 - ANS-The year of the first edition of NFPA 1033 1.5 times - ANS-The recommended distance for securing the perimeter of a blast scene *That is, the distance from the furthest debris 1100°F - ANS-What temperature in the upper gas layer causes the onset of Flashover? 1960°F - ANS-The temperature at which copper melts 2 W/cm2 - ANS-The measurement of the radiant heat flux (from gas layer to the floor) that indicates the onset of flashover 240 volts - ANS-The voltage between the two hot wires at the service entrance cables in most single-family residences in the United States (single-phase service with three wires) 3 years - ANS-The revision cycle for NFPA 921 (timespan) 350°F - ANS-The flash point of power steering fluid 35-70 p.s.i. - ANS-In high-pressure fuel-injected vehicles, this is the typical range of pressure that is used to pump fuel from a fuel tank 5 and 17 - ANS-The lower explosive and upper explosive limit of natural gas (methane)? 680°F - ANS-The ignition temperature of power steering fluid Fuel - ANS-Any substance that can undergo combustion Act or Omission - ANS-Two factors or situations leading to a fire that may show the nature of the incident responsibility. Additional Investigative Recommendations - ANS-This concept should not be included in a summary report of findings. Admiralty Law - ANS-A law that may govern the fire investigation of a boat After-market Equipment - ANS-A type of device in a vehicle, which can cause an electrical overload to factory installed wiring Alive and Breathing - ANS-Evidence of smoke or soot in the lungs, bronchi, and trachea is one of the most significant factors in confirming that, at the time of the fire, the victim was WHAT? All Team Members - ANS-Those who have the responsibility for monitoring safety conditions at the fire or explosion scene 1220°F - ANS-The melting temperature of aluminum Aluminum-to-pavement sparks - ANS-Which one of these is NOT considered a competent ignition source? Metal-to-metal sparks, Aluminum-to-pavement sparks, Metal-to-pavement sparks, Motor bearing sparks Heat Release Rate - ANS-A meaningful analysis of a fire requires an understanding of the fire growth, the total heat released, and WHAT? Arc-fault circuit interrupter - ANS-What does he term AFCI stand for? And, the "A" specifically represents what? ASTM - ANS-The organization that develops standard methods for testing materials Auto-ignition - ANS-Initiation of combustion by heat but without a spark or flame Backdraft - ANS-A deflagration resulting from the sudden introduction of air into a confined space containing oxygen-deficient products of incomplete combustion Ceiling jet - ANS-When the fire plume reaches the ceiling of aroom and moves laterally along the ceiling Christmas Tree - ANS-An item in the home that burns at a peak HRR of 3000-5000kW, which is hotter than a pool of gasoline or a polyurethane chair Clean Burn - ANS-This occurs when intense radiated heat or direct flame contacts a surface during the fire, burning away deposits Collapsed Furniture Springs - ANS-This is a fire effect to furniture that does NOT provide the investigators with clues concerning the type of ignition source, but can show fire spread and intensity Color - ANS-A fire characteristic that is NOT necessarily an accurate indicator of the flame temperature Color Codes - ANS-This feature distinguishes the heat-sensitive bulbs of sprinkler heads from each other Combustion - ANS-A chemical process of oxidation, which occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or a flame Compartmentation - ANS-A building design feature that aims to limit the fire to its origin. Competent Ignition Source - ANS-Located at the origin, these should be considered individually during the development of a cause hypothesis Complete PPE - ANS-This should be donned when dealing with hazardous chemicals Conduction - ANS-An example of heat transfer, when the heating of a steel beam to an unexposed part of a building results in a fire in that location Connection Points - ANS-Overheating on a circuit is most likely to occur at this location on a circuit Joint Investigation - ANS-Consensus agreement between interested parties should be developed prior to the commencement of WHAT? Crazing - ANS-Complicated patterns in glass Crime Scenes - ANS-A type of scene or circumstances, in which fires do NOT always destroy all physical evidence Current (amperage) - ANS-A factor in OHM's law that can be calculated if you know resistance and voltage Deductive Reasoning - ANS-The reasoning in the scientific method used to test an hypothesis Deductive Reasoning - ANS-The reasoning process of moving from generalizations to particular assertion (*"Reduce to Deduce" *Test hypothesis ("deduce") *Test based on known facts *More confident assertion than induction) Demonstrative Evidence - ANS-Type of evidence consisting of tangible items *as opposed to Testimonial Evidence or Documentary (written) Evidence Depth of Char - ANS-A burn pattern analysis that is MORE useful for evaluating fire spread, rather than length or intensity of burning Differential - ANS-All voltages are , which means that a battery or DC generator creates a potential difference that can force charge through a wire Diffusion Flame Burning - ANS-The ordinary sustained burning mode in most fires Document and Carefully Move - ANS-By taking these two steps, an investigator can obtain the manufacturer's name, model & serial numbers, manufacture date, and any warnings on an appliance, determined to be in the area of fire origin Documentary Evidence - ANS-What type of evidence is an investigator's report? Documentation - ANS-A key method used by investigators when an appliance is determined to be in the area of origin, particularly the positioning of all controls and components. DOT Standards - ANS-The standards that gas cylinders must conform to (Dept. of Transportation) Dual Element Fuses - ANS-Types of fuses that have one element for overloads and another element for short circuits Dust Explosion - ANS-A particular type of an explosion that does NOT often result in pronounced seats of explosion (4th amendment issue) Fire Scene Reconstruction - ANS-Recreating pre-fire positions of contents Fire-rated Door - ANS-This type of door must be used when installed in a fire-rated wall. First or Second-Degree Burns - ANS-This is the typical extent of thermal injuries sustained from an explosion flame front, due to the very short duration. Flame Spread Rating - ANS-A system used to rate a material's flame spread potential. *And these are the categories: Class A: Flame spread index 0-25 Class B: Flame spread index 26-75 Class C: Flame spread index 76-200 Flammable Gases - ANS-This type of fuel can only be ignited by a spark or pilot flame over specific ranges of gas concentration Flammable Liquid - ANS-A liquid with a flash point below 100*F Flash point - ANS-The characteristic of an appropriate mixture of vapor-to-air, which will cause it to ignite when subjected to an ignition source Flash Point - ANS-A specific fuel characteristic, which will have little or no significance when the fuel is released in a spray form. Flashover - ANS-In this phenomenon, the radiant ignition of exposed combustible materials is key Flashover - ANS-This phenomenon will occur in a compartment with a low ceiling and fire on the floor, before the same fire in a room with high ceilings Flashover - ANS-This fire phenomenon is not really a consideration for wildfires Floor Assemblies - ANS-These construction features are tested for fire spread from below, but NOT from above Forced and Natural - ANS-The two mechanisms of convection heat transfer Freedom of Information Act - ANS-This law allows fire investigators to gain information, in most states Fuel - ANS-Any substance that can undergo combustion Fuel load - ANS-Total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space, or fire area (expressed in heat units or the equivalent weight in wood) Fuel System - ANS-This system in a vehicle has the following sequence of components: Fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel injector/carburetor, manifold, and cylinders. Fuel-controlled Burning - ANS-Type of burning that occurs in the early stages of a compartment fire Remote Area - ANS-The location where firefighters should re-fuel all gas-powered equipment (away from the fire scene) Government Institute - ANS-NFPA is not this type of institute Guide - ANS-NFPA 921 is this type of document Guidelines - ANS-The information presented in NFPA 921 establishes WHAT? Hazards - ANS-Biological, chemical, physical, and radiological are examples of this concept that fire investigators should be aware of when investigating a fire scene Header - ANS-The first cutting unit on a combine Heat flux - ANS-The measure of the rate of heat transfer to a surface Heat of Combustion - ANS-The amount of heat released during complete combustion, which is considered a constant for a specific fuel (Generally considered a material property and therefore a constant for a specific fuel) Heat of Ignition - ANS-The heat energy that brings about ignition (divided into two parts: (a) equipment involved in ignition and (b) form of heat of ignition) Heat Release Rate - ANS-The fire characteristic that most effects fire growth during the pre-flashover phase of a fire Heat transfer - ANS-The transport of heat energy from one point to another point, caused by temperature difference between those points Heat transfer - ANS-The fire phenomenon responsible for much of the physical evidence used by fire investigators High-Order Damage - ANS-The shattering type of explosion damage Interviews - ANS-(1) Trust, (2) Caution, and (3) Distrust are three types of what? Inverted Cone Pattern - ANS-This fire pattern is often caused by a natural gas leak Inverted Cone Patterns - ANS-Fire patterns commonly created when a vertical flame plume does not reach the ceiling Team Leader Committee - ANS-In what group is one representative selected from each investigative party? Irregular Pattern - ANS-A certain pattern that is not necessarily an indicator of the presence of an ignitable liquid Job Performance Requirement - ANS-A professional description that (1) describes the specific job task, (2) lists items necessary to complete the task, and (3) describes measurable outcomes and evaluations for the task Joint Investigations - ANS-These can occur simultaneously and involve separate and independent examinations through which each party may develop an independent hypothesis Kerosene - ANS-Which of these fuels has the lowest ignition temperature: kerosene, gasoline, methane, or propane? Kinetic Energy - ANS-The type of energy that is converted suddenly from potential energy during an explosion, with the production and release of gases under pressure. Laboratory Analysis - ANS-This entity must confirm any sample obtained by canine alert, to be considered valid Lack of Stability - ANS-One of the most dangerous situations an investigator may encounter when examining a boat afloat after a fire Laminated Wood - ANS-This material is NOT acceptable to be used on the exterior (but is acceptable for the interior). Latent Heat of Vaporization - ANS-The amount of heat absorbed by a substance during its change from a liquid to vapor Lightning - ANS-Static electricity flowing from cloud to ground or from cloud to cloud Lightning - ANS-One form of static electricity Cloud-to-Cloud - ANS-The lightning occurrence that is less likely to cause a fire (compared to cloud-to-ground) Lines of Demarcation - ANS-Borders of fire patterns Low-Order Damage - ANS-Type of explosion damage that heaves or pushes Melt and Fuse Together Lengthwise - ANS-Fire often causes standard copper conductors to do WHAT? Movement and Intensity - ANS-The two basic types of fire patterns Neutral Plane - ANS-The term associated with the air and gas flow in a compartment fire Neutral Position - ANS-The position on a receptacle, where the cord's wider prong is forced to plug into, due to a change that was made to 20-amp cords in 1987 NFPA 1033 - ANS-The national applicable performance standards for fire investigators NFPA 54 - ANS-NFPA standard that prohibits gas piping in air ducts, clothes chutes, and elevator shafts NFPA 704 - ANS-The NFPA standard for hazard identification NFPA 704 - ANS-NFPA hazard placard: red TOP (flammability) yellow RIGHT (instability) blue LEFT (health) white BOTTOM (special/specific) *(0 minimal to 4 severe hazard) NFPA 921 - ANS-Not every portion of WHAT document is essential to every fire or explosion incident NFPA website - ANS-To submit a proposal to the NFPA 921 Committee, forms are available from the 3 Noncombustible - ANS-Type of construction principally used in industrial type buildings Nondisclosure Agreement - ANS-This protects confidential, trade secret, and propriety information in a fire investigation Occupant Access - ANS-During a major investigation involving multiple tenants, this should NOT be allowed until after the entire area has been examined and safety concerns have been addressed Protocol - ANS-During a major investigation, this agreed-upon procedure is important to establish and follow when a particular item is deemed evidence. Pugilistic Posture - ANS-A common post-mortem response of the body to heat, resulting in the contracting of muscles as a direct result of the fire. Pyrolysis - ANS-A process in which material is decomposed, or broken down, into simpler molecular compounds by the effects of heat alone Pyrophoric Material - ANS-Any substance that spontaneously ignites upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen. Pyrotechnics - ANS-This item may be found on a boat because they are often used in firework events Radiative Ignition - ANS-Fire spread from one fuel package to another is generally caused by WHAT? Rate of Fire Growth - ANS-The as determined by witnesses is highly subjective Recalling Observations - ANS-The primary goal for an investigator recording and photographing the scene Refueling - ANS-This process regarding fuel-powered equipment should be done outside the fire scene perimeter Relative Elevation of Damage - ANS-This characteristic of structural explosion damage has no direct correlation to the vapor density of the gas-vapor fuel Remote Ignition - ANS-This type of fire spread mechanism has four modes: which are conduction, flame, hot gas layer radiation, and drop down Resistance Heating - ANS-Type of heating that results from the passing of an electrical current through a conductor Resistance Heating - ANS-This is caused when electricity flows through a loose connection *And, through an oxide interface Overhaul - ANS-During this firefighting strategy, the use of water hoselines should be restricted and limited, especially in the area of origin. Right to Entry - ANS-Exigency statutes, Search warrant, Verbal or written consent relate to what key concept when investigating a fire? Rigid Polystyrene Panels - ANS-Which of these material's surface would heat up the quickest when exposed to radiant flux: oak boards, concrete wall, rigid polystyrene panels, or gypsum plaster? RV and Motor Homes - ANS-These types of constructions or vehicles are similar in many ways to fires in houses and mobile homes. Secure the Scene - ANS-The first step to be taken by an investigator at the scene of an explosion. Self-Heating - ANS-A process whereby a material undergoes a chemical reaction and increases in temperature solely due to exothermic reactions between the material and the surrounding atmosphere Sequential Photographs - ANS-Type of photography that is helpful in understanding the relationship of a small subject to its relative position in a larger area Serial Fire-Setting - ANS-Geographic area, clusters, temporal frequency, and materials and methods are useful in identifying and establishing this act Simple Sketch - ANS-At a minimum, this investigative practice should be done on all fire scenes Fire Size and Duration - ANS-Determining which pattern was produced at the point of origin becomes more difficult as WHAT increases? Sleeving - ANS-The softening and loosening of the wire's thermoplastic insulation due to heating (fire) Sloping Sides - ANS-Whether a hole burned into a horizontal surface was created from above or below may be identified by examining WHAT? Smoldering - ANS-This type of fire normally produces char that results from thermal decomposition Societal-motivated Arson - ANS-A subcategory of revenge/retaliation that is generally not satisfied with a single fire Solo - ANS-Fire scene examinations should NOT be conducted in WHAT MANNER? Spalling - ANS-Damage and fire patterns occurring to concrete that is NOT a positive indicator of a liquid accelerant Specific Gravity - ANS-The ratio of the density of a substance to the density ofa standard (usually water for a liquid or solid, and air for a gas) Thermal Protector - ANS-A specific type of protective device that motors are generally equipped with in a counter-top appliance, which may reset when the motor cools Toxic Gases - ANS-More people are killed by this in a fire incident, not necessarily by the flames of fire Trailers - ANS-Fire patterns that indicate a deliberate attempt to distribute fire from one location to another Trained Personnel - ANS-An investigator should notify this person(s) upon finding an incendiary device that has not activated Transformer - ANS-A mechanism used to reduce voltages from the normal 120 V and to isolate the rest of an appliance from the supply circuit Transmission - ANS-The type of pipeline used to convey natural gas from the storage or production facilities to local utilities Turbocharger - ANS-The hottest point of an engine, which uses exhaust gases for propulsion Type 1 Construction - ANS-The noncombustible construction type, made of steel and concrete with fire resistance Type 2 Construction - ANS-The noncombustible construction type, made of steel and concrete; but with little to no fire resistance Type 3 Construction - ANS-The Ordinary construction type, with masonry or noncombustible exterior walls Type 4 Construction - ANS-Heavy timber or mill construction type Type 5 Construction - ANS-Wood framed construction type Upper Explosive Limit - ANS-Which will create more damage in an explosion: the Upper or Lower Explosive Limit? U.S. Coast Guard - ANS-The entity, where an investigator can obtain recall information regarding fire causes in boats and the manufacturer, model, and year Utilities - ANS-An immediate concern to the fire investigator is the status of the structure's WHAT? Ventilation Conditions - ANS-This is a key consideration of the fire's characteristics, when conducting a fire test or fire model, in order to validate the test Ventilation-Controlled Fire - ANS-Fire in which the heat release rate or growth is controlled by the amount of air available to the fire Ventilation Opening - ANS-This firefighting tactic made directly above the fire will help localize the fire Ventilation-Controlled Fire - ANS-A type of fire that produces more carbon monoxide and more soot than fuel-controlled fires ((not sure which is hotter, but probably peak fuel-controlled, imo)) Violent Explosions - ANS-Fuel-air mixtures at or near the lower explosive limit (LEL) do NOT always produce less than those fuel-air mixtures at or near the upper explosive limit (UEL). Weatherhead - ANS-A specific device on a structure that is associated with electricity and is part of the electrical system Wet-Pipe System - ANS-The most reliable type of sprinkler system Wildfires - ANS-Weather history is an important factor when investigating these types of fires Wood Trusses - ANS-The failure of one of these types of construction features can affect adjacent members of a similar type X-rays - ANS-These medical procedures should be done of the entire deceased body, including the clothing and associated debris found near the body. Zone Model - ANS-A type of fire dynamics analysis model that divides each room into two or more spaces Computational Fluid Dynamics Model - ANS-A type of fire dynamics analysis model that divides the room into many cells (*Field or CFD model) Power (Watts) - ANS-What is the product found by multiplying current (amps) times voltage (volts)? Orange to Black (Low to High) - ANS-Color coded sprinkler head bulbs, range from what colors? (“From low to high temp: orange, red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black) 
