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ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES ASSIGNMENT
Ans: CONTACT CHARGING TECHNIQUE
This method involves charging of the EV through direct contact. i.e. a charging cable will be plugged into the vehicle to charge it. Some of the contact charging techniques are mentioned below.
TRICKLE CHARGE
The slowest method of charging EV at home, using a standard 220V plug.it is only recommended in urgent cases, with caution and consultation with electricity providers.
AC CHARGE
Having a wall box lets you charge 3-4 times faster using AC Household charging.AC public charging is also available. DC CHARGE
The fastest way to charge EV at public DC fast charging station with power from 50kW and above. With this method we can top up our battery from 20 t0 80% in approx. 40 minutes. There are also some ultrafast charging stations that provide more than 150kW.
NON-CONTACT TYPE CHARGING TECHNIQUE
This type of charging technique uses electromagnetic resonance in order to transfer electricity to charge the vehicle. It is safer and more economical. This technique does not use any charging cable.
BATTERY SWAP TECHNIQUE
This method makes use of an automatic or semi-automatic system to exchange a depleted battery with a fully charged one.
SOLAR CHARGING TECHNIQUE
This method uses sun’s solar energy to charge the vehicle. This is method is cheaper compared to other techniques. As solar energy is free of cost.
Ans: REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM
Regenerative braking helps Kinetic energy to be converted back to electrical energy during barking. The converted electrical energy during braking is converted into electrical energy in the batteries and ultra- capacitors. Ultra-high-speed flywheel helps to extend the driving range by 10%. Generally, Electric vehicle are equipped with regenerative braking system. Whenever regenerative braking is applied, torque is insufficient to offer the same deacceleration rate as available in conventional type of vehicle. It is a 2-step process involving motor and battery. In simple ways, here the initial Kinetic energy is transformed into electrical energy by the generator and then converted into chemical energy by the battery.
INTEGRATED STARTER GENERATOR(ISG)
The ISG can replaces conventional generators and provides an auxiliary function as conventional automatic start-stop system for better fuel consumption and fuel efficiency. Here the system switches off the combustion system at 0-load such as when standing in the traffic signal and automatically starts in 100 milliseconds when accelerator is pressed. The pulse start technology accelerates the combustion engine to the required cranking speed and only then initiates the combustion process for instant ignition which helps to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
electrical drive system used in electric powered locomotives.
Ans: An electric locomotive is powered by electricity from overhead lines or third line or onboard energy storage devices like battery or supercapacitor. In electric locomotives additional efficiency is achieved using regenerative brakes which converts vehicles Kinetic energy into electric energy.
The function of electric locomotive involves pantograph which continuously touches the overhead line or third line running over the bus-bar of the locomotive roof to surge arrester, which in turn is connected to transform through cable. The output of the transformer is fed to the traction motor. the traction is connected to set of gear trains. The motor runs using power supplied by the transformer because of which gear trains runs which is responsible of the movement of electric locomotive.
The specifications of electric drive systems used in electric powered locomotives are:
1)Asynchronous motor: modern traction motor type using 3 phase AC electrical systems. It can be used on both AC and DC electrical railways with suitable control electronics.
2.) Current collected from the overhead line or from third line is returned by axle brush.
3.) Battery: all trains are provided with a battery to provide start up current and to supply the other circuit.
4.) Relay: a device present at the oil cooling circuits of an electric locomotive to detect low oil pressure is known as a relay.
5.) Camshaft: the DC electric traction power circuits use a camshaft to open and close the contactors to control resistance of traction motor power circuit. It is driven by a motor or pneumatic cylinder.
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What are the different methods of charging an electric... | Kia Go Electric it is only recommended in urgent cases, with caution and consultation with electricity providers.always use tchhiasr cghearsrg ues seo alunt iioccnb w (iinth c caabuleti ocnon atnrodl dbiosxc)u fsosr wmitahx iymouumr e rleeclitarbiciilittyy p arnodvi.d.. er before first use. kia trickle 5%
https://www.kia.com/ie/about-kia/experience-kia/technology/electrification/charging- methods-for-electriccars/
Integrated Starter Generator the pulse-start technology accelerates the combustion engine to the required cranking speed and only then initiates the combustion process for instant ignition.the isg reaches a peak generator output of 9 kw with an 3% efficiency of more than 80 percent across the entire speed range. https://www.autocentral.com/doc/integrated-starter-generator-
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