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different types of shocks. Hypovolemic, sepsis shock
Typology: Study notes
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Type of Shock Description Cause Treatment
Anaphylactic shock Massive vasodilation caused by release of histamines in response to allergic reaction
IV contrast, drugs (ASA, insect bites or stings, anesthetic agents, vaccines, foods, materials (latex)
Medication: histamine H blockers (Tagamet®), Epinephrine (drug of choice), Benedryl®, Volume expanders, Solumedrol®, brochodilators. Ensure patent airway, oxygen.
Hypovolemic shock Loss of intravascular volume, decrease stroke volume, and decrease cardiac output
3rd spacing, diuresis, Hemorrhage (# cause), burns, GI fluid loss (vomiting, diarrhea, drainage from NG tube), DI, DKA, Addison’s disease.
Medication: Levophed® Neo-Synephrine®, Intropin®, Pitressin® Rapid volume replacement (blood, isotonic solutions), control bleeding, oxygen, hemodynamic monitoring.
Cardiogenic shock Inability of heart to pump blood out effectively (pump failure), resulting in decrease cardiac output
Myocardial infarction, lethal ventricular arrhythmias, End- stage heart failure.
Medication: Dobutamine® Dopamine®, Epinephrine®, Primacor®, Nitroglycerin®, Nipride®, Morphine®, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), correct arrythmias, oxygen, Intubation & mechanical ventilation may be necessary.
Septic shock Massive vasodilation caused by inflam- matory response of body due to over- whelming infection
Sepsis caused by any pathogenic organism that invades the body
Antimicrobial therapy, volume replacement, cultures, vasopressors, hemodynamic monitoring.
Neurogenic shock Pooling of blood -decrease venous return, decrease cardiac output, hypotension, brady- cardia
Massive vasodilation, suppression of the sympathetic nervous system, injury/disease to the spinal cord at T6, spinal anesthesia.
Treat the cause, vasopressors, airway and ventilation support.