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A settled agricultural society is where the adaptation of human work and tools are fixed to a land plot for more than one growing cycle. This means changing hunting and gathering a lifestyle based on agriculture to stay in one place until the soil is exhausted. While hunter-gatherer is a simple society based on hunting and gathering food. The significant contrast between the two is the growth of innovative tools that mark the clear difference between them. In agricultural societies, there is a c
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A settled agricultural society is where the adaptation of human work and tools are fixed to a land plot for more than one growing cycle. This means changing hunting and gathering a lifestyle based on agriculture to stay in one place until the soil is exhausted. While hunter- gatherer is a simple society based on hunting and gathering food. The significant contrast between the two is the growth of innovative tools that mark the clear difference between them. In agricultural societies, there is a clear form of division of labor. People in this society specialized in their tasks and hence this gave way to the development of skills and to trade and expand ideas, and knowledge from community to community. Mostly because of specializations such as the diffusion of ideas and information, permanent settlements, and a growth in population, which also implies an increase in duties, established societies paved the way for the establishment of government. A leader is required to guide and accept responsibility for society to function properly. The hunter and gatherer community, on the other hand, is an acephalous society. There is no leader, and all members are equally important. Because they are always traveling from one location to another, they don't feel the need for someone to control them. People fight for their rights and property. They want to accumulate more and more wealth and become prosperous enveloping the mind of this society. Judging people in skills-based performances gives birth to the idea of inequality in society. However, anthropologists and sociologists have explored several types of societies throughout history such as hunting and gathering, agricultural, industrial societies etc. The demarcation of each society is based on the sophistication of tools, techniques and way of living. The development of agricultural societies marked a significant shift in human history. Instead of relying on hunting and gathering for survival, these societies established settlements and began cultivating crops and raising animals. This allowed for a more stable food source and the ability to stay in one place, which led to the specialization of labor and the emergence of social hierarchies. Governments and institutions also formed to manage and regulate the production and distribution of resources. Unfortunately, this often resulted in inequality, as some individuals and groups amassed control over land, resources, and labor. In contrast, hunter-gatherer societies rely on hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants for sustenance and tend to have less social hierarchy and less inequality. They also move from place to place to follow the resources. Hunting and gathering societies were based on a subsistence economy. The quantity of production was confined to consumption extents. The concept of surplus, preserving and exporting goods was not possible because of the absence of transport and communication facilities. Such communities were present before two million years; These societies started to change only after the end of the Ice Age, or about 12,000 years ago. People in this society were mostly dependent on the environment and natural resources for survival. The food was collected through hunting, fishing, and wandering. Moreover, such societies were egalitarian, homogeneous, and least dependent. Nomadic and tribal societies are examples of hunting and gathering societies.
Due With the advent of progress in technology such societies started to evolve. This advancement in technology has brought a shift from disorganized and non-permanent settlement to the organized and permanent one .This permanent and organized lifestyle which is mostly based on the agrarian outputs is termed as agricultural society. In this society people learnt to utilize these new tools and techniques for cultivation purposes. Apart from cultivating different types of crops, they also started to domesticate animals. According to some sociologists this society came into existence with the agricultural revolution that occurred some 8,500 years ago. There is a sharp contrast between the hunting and gathering societies Vs agricultural societies with respect to specialization, inequality and governance. Following points delineate the difference between the two: