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Who thought of the three factors in spatial
Interaction?
Ullman Complementary, transgerability, intervening opportunities TERM 2
Friction of distance
DEFINITION 2 going somewhere closer to avoid hassle. TERM 3
What is intercontinental and intracontinental?
DEFINITION 3 intercontinental- moving from continent to continent intracontinental- moving between countries, same continent TERM 4
What is the difference between push and pull
factors? Examples.
DEFINITION 4 push- negative factors. (example: bad home conditions) pull- positive factors. (example: opening a new factory) both factors are affected by place utility TERM 5
What is step and chain migration?
DEFINITION 5 step migration- series of small, less extreme location changes chain migration- established linkage from migrants origin to destination
What is distance decay and intervening
opportunities?
distance decay- friction of distance, perceptions, uncertainty, important in step migration intervening opportunities- chose closer location if otherwise equal example: Oregon trail in 1800's TERM 7
Which group of immigration peaked in the
late 1890's?
DEFINITION 7 south and central Europe TERM 8
What are the two main types on diffusion?
DEFINITION 8 relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion TERM 9
What are the types of expansion diffusion?
DEFINITION 9 contagious (governed by distance, adjacency) and hierarchical ( governed by size or importance) TERM 10
Who studied root words in the Indo-European
language?
DEFINITION 10 Sir William Jones
Explain the "Great Vowel Shift".
-to separate from migrants from North and Midlands to London -loss of French as prestige language -spelling didn't reflect the shift, gap between writing and speech -it spread to the U.S. through the colony settlements in New England, Middle Atlantic, and the Southeast. TERM 17
What is the HDI?
DEFINITION 17 Human Development Index- a country's level of development can be distinguished according to the three factors: economic, social, and demographic. TERM 18
What are the Economic
sectors/activities?
DEFINITION 18 Primary- extraction of natural resources Secondary- manufacturing, transforms primary sector material to create products Tertiary- exchange of consumption of goods and services. (Wal-mart, Hy-vee) more MDC have most of their employment in the tertiary sector TERM 19
Regional contrasts/ Core-Periphery Model
DEFINITION 19 Core vs. Periphery Core- wealthy, center of activity Periphery- poor, often dependent Global: "North" and "South" line Continental: Europe - N & W vs. S & E TERM 20
What are the Development Strategies?
DEFINITION 20 Export Orientation (International Trade Approach) - export goods, finance development. relies on few industries, foreign markets low- end, low-revenue goods Import Substitution (Self-Sufficiency Approach) - produce manufacturing goods, replace imports, build local industries, tariffs, subsidies, loans, but is innefficient, no outside competition, can produce wrong goods.
Development models/ framework
"Liberal models" (Export Orientation) -market forces--disparities decrease over time, modernization model of Walt Rostow "Stages of Growth (every country can grow like Europe did) Structuralist models (Import Substitution) -regional economic disparities are structural feature of the global economy, dependency theory (LDC depend more on MDC) TERM 22
Who thought of the "Organic Analogy"?
DEFINITION 22 Friedrich Ratzel states seen as acting and growing like organisms (requires food, growth in territory or it will weaken) TERM 23
Who thought of the Heartland Theory?
DEFINITION 23 Halford Mackinder, "Geographical Pivot of History" whoever rules Europe, rules the world TERM 24
States and nations, which is which?
DEFINITION 24 nation- people with common heritage? state-political unit a state can have >1 nation, a nation can be divided among > state TERM 25
Potential problems for states
DEFINITION 25 under-bound state- state is smaller than nation, leads to "irredentism" promoting annexation of neighbor territories based on ethnicity or history over-bounded state- state is larger than nation, 2 or more equal size groups= accomodation, separation, or conflict. also one main group and minorities= persecution or accomodation state-less nations- part of overbound states, Kurds in 3 countries
