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Nutrition Exam Prep: Q&A on Macronutrients, Vitamins, and Diet, Exams of Public Health

A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to nutrition, covering topics such as macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fats), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and dietary guidelines. It includes definitions, recommended intakes, and the roles of various nutrients in maintaining health. The material is presented in a question-and-answer format, making it useful for exam preparation and quick review. It also touches on weight management, eating disorders, and different dietary patterns, offering a broad overview of essential nutrition concepts. Valuable for students studying nutrition or anyone interested in understanding the basics of a healthy diet and lifestyle. It is designed to facilitate learning and retention of key nutritional information, making it an effective study aid. Well-organized and covers a wide range of topics, making it a useful resource for anyone studying nutrition or preparing for an exam.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/22/2025

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HTH 100 JMU: EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
What is the recommended intake of protein per kilogram of body weight? -- Answer
โœ”โœ” 0.8 grams
Complete (high-quality) protein -- Answer โœ”โœ” protein that supplies all 9 essential
amino acids.
Incomplete Proteins -- Answer โœ”โœ” Proteins from plant sources lack one or more
amino acids.
Proteins -- Answer โœ”โœ” Used to repair bone, muscle, skin, and blood cells.
Key elements of antibodies.
Most abundant substance in the body.
Carbohydrates -- Answer โœ”โœ” supply energy needed to sustain normal daily activity.
They are metabolized faster and are more efficient then protein.
What are carbs converted to? -- Answer โœ”โœ” glucose (sugar)
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HTH 100 JMU: EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE

SOLUTIONS

What is the recommended intake of protein per kilogram of body weight? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 0.8 grams Complete (high-quality) protein -- Answer โœ”โœ” protein that supplies all 9 essential amino acids. Incomplete Proteins -- Answer โœ”โœ” Proteins from plant sources lack one or more amino acids. Proteins -- Answer โœ”โœ” Used to repair bone, muscle, skin, and blood cells. Key elements of antibodies. Most abundant substance in the body. Carbohydrates -- Answer โœ”โœ” supply energy needed to sustain normal daily activity. They are metabolized faster and are more efficient then protein. What are carbs converted to? -- Answer โœ”โœ” glucose (sugar)

What do carbs play an important role in functioning? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Internal organs, the nervous system, and muscles. What are simple carbohydrates? -- Answer โœ”โœ” monosaccharides (most common form) and disaccharides (Granulated table sugar) What are complex carbohydrates? -- Answer โœ”โœ” starches (grains, cereals, and vegetables) and fiber (indigestible portion of plant foods) Stored as GLYCOGEN in the liver Dietary Fiber -- Answer โœ”โœ” The non-digestible carbohydrate parts of plants: leaves, stems, and seeds. Functional Fiber -- Answer โœ”โœ” Consists of non-digestible forms of carbs that may come from plants or may be manufactured in the lab and have known health benefits. What is total fiber? -- Answer โœ”โœ” the sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber Insoluble Fiber -- Answer โœ”โœ” DO NOT DISSOLVE IN WATER. Found in bran, whole-grain breads, and most fruits and vegetables. Soluble Fiber -- Answer โœ”โœ” DISSOLVES IN WATER Found in dried beans and some fruits. What carbs should you eat fewer of? -- Answer โœ”โœ” refined carbs What should a women's fiber intake be? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 22 - 28 grams male - 28 - 34 grams

major minerals -- Answer โœ”โœ” sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur. Needed in large amounts. trace minerals -- Answer โœ”โœ” iron, zinc, iodine, copper, and manganese. Needed in small amounts. Sodium -- Answer โœ”โœ” necessary for regulation of blood and body fluids, transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and certain metabolic functions. Calcium -- Answer โœ”โœ” vital role in building strong bones and teeth, muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, regulating heartbeat, and fluid balance within cells. Iron -- Answer โœ”โœ” Most common nutrient deficiency globally How much iron does a woman need per day? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 18 mg aged 19- 50 How much iron does a man need per day? -- Answer โœ”โœ” 8 mg aged 19- 50 iron deficiency anemia -- Answer โœ”โœ” body cells receive less oxygen, and carbon dioxide wastes are removed less efficiently Iron toxicity -- Answer โœ”โœ” ingesting too many iron-containing supplements Overweight -- Answer โœ”โœ” having body weight more than 10% above healthy levels Obesity -- Answer โœ”โœ” Having body weight more than 20% above healthy levels

Obesogenic -- Answer โœ”โœ” characterizes environments that promote increased for intake, non-healthful food, and physical inactivity. Globesity -- Answer โœ”โœ” global rate of obesity Antioxidants -- Answer โœ”โœ” most common - vitamin c , vitamin e, and beta-carotene. Often in functional foods Genetic and Physiological Factors -- Answer โœ”โœ” genes, hormones, and metabolism Hormonal Influences -- Answer โœ”โœ” Gherkin and Leptin satiety -- Answer โœ”โœ” feeling of fullness Gherkin high Leptin low -- Answer โœ”โœ” tendency to over eat Leptin -- Answer โœ”โœ” an appetite regulator produced by fat cells, increases in the blood as fat tissue increases. receptors don't work as well in obese people. Thrifty and Spendthrift genes -- Answer โœ”โœ” individual differences determine how quickly a person loses weight and another hangs on to the weight. Thrifty individuals -- Answer โœ”โœ” metabolism slows down with the less food they intake. Spendthrift individuals -- Answer โœ”โœ” high metabolism, can eat a lot and almost never gains weight.

Body Mass Index (BMI) -- Answer โœ”โœ” a measure of body weight relative to height BMI = weight(kg)/height squared (m2) limitations of BMI -- Answer โœ”โœ” water, muscle, and bone mass are not included in BMI calculations Healthy weight -- Answer โœ”โœ” 18.5-24. Overweight -- Answer โœ”โœ” 25 - 29. Obese -- Answer โœ”โœ” over 30 morbidly obese -- Answer โœ”โœ” over 40 Super Obese -- Answer โœ”โœ” BMI over 50 or higher managing weight -- Answer โœ”โœ” understand calories and energy balance Maintaining a healthy eating pattern Engage in physical activity reading nutrition labels -- Answer โœ”โœ” calories are now displayed in large bold fonts serving size appears large vegans -- Answer โœ”โœ” avoid all food of animal origin lacto-vegetarian -- Answer โœ”โœ” eats dairy products but avoid flesh foods and eggs ovo-vegetarian -- Answer โœ”โœ” adds eggs to the vegan diet

calories and energy balance -- Answer โœ”โœ” 1 pound of stored fat = 3500 extra calories lacto-ovo-vegetarian -- Answer โœ”โœ” vegetarians that eat both dairy products and eggs Pesco-vegetarian -- Answer โœ”โœ” eats fish, dairy products and eggs Semi vegetarians (or flexitarians) -- Answer โœ”โœ” Eats chicken, fish, eggs, and dairy products Organic -- Answer โœ”โœ” grown without use of toxic and persistent pesticides, chemicals, or hormones. Mediterranean diet -- Answer โœ”โœ” emphasizes fruits, vegetables, fish, whole grains, nuts, legumes, olive oil, and herbs and spices. Poultry, eggs, cheese, yogurt, and red wine can be enjoyed in moderation. Sweets and red meat are saved for special occasions. DASH diet -- Answer โœ”โœ” balanced plan developed to fight hypertension. Eat fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and low-fat dairy. Limit sweets, saturated fats, red meat, and sodium Flexitarian Diet -- Answer โœ”โœ” Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and plant proteins. Less frequent consumption of fish, poultry, and meat. High scores for nutritional completeness and easy-to-follow approach for long-term success. MIND diet -- Answer โœ”โœ” Combines the best elements of the DASH and Mediterranean diets into a healthy dietary regimen. Drastic Weight-Loss Measures -- Answer โœ”โœ” very low calorie diets, prescription weight loss drugs, and surgery

Why do bulimics often have tooth decay? -- Answer โœ”โœ” stomach acids coming up damaging teeth and dissolving the skin on their finger of choice Binge Eating Disorder -- Answer โœ”โœ” eating large amounts of food rapidly even when not hungry Orthorexia nervosa -- Answer โœ”โœ” an unhealthy obsession with what would otherwise be healthy eating, but becomes a fixation with food quality and purity treatments of eating disorders -- Answer โœ”โœ” therapy on psychological , social, environmental, and physiological factors that have led to the problem anorexia athletica -- Answer โœ”โœ” compulsive exercise not a desire to exercise, a compulsion to do so muscle dysmorphia -- Answer โœ”โœ” body image disturbance, believes that their body is insufficiently lean or muscular Female Athlete Triad -- Answer โœ”โœ” Low energy What are the essential nutrients for health? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Hunger, Nutrients, Appetite, Nutrition, and Digestive Process Hunger -- Answer โœ”โœ” When our brains initiate a physiological response that prompts us to seek food for energy. Nutrients -- Answer โœ”โœ” the constituents of food that sustain humans physiologically: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water

Appetite -- Answer โœ”โœ” The learned desire to eat; normally accompanies hunger but is more psychological than physiological Nutrition -- Answer โœ”โœ” the science that investigates the relationship between physiological function and the essential elements of foods eaten Digestive Process -- Answer โœ”โœ” The process by which the body breaks down foods into smaller components and either absorbs or excretes them. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) -- Answer โœ”โœ” Daily nutrient intake levels that meet the nutritional needs of 97 to 98 percent of healthy individuals. Adequate Intake (AI) -- Answer โœ”โœ” The daily intake levels that are presumed to be adequate for most healthy people Used when there is not enough information/research to support establishing RDA's Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) -- Answer โœ”โœ” the highest amounts of a nutrient that an individual can consume daily without risking adverse health effects Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) -- Answer โœ”โœ” Ranges of protein, carb, and fat intake that provides adequate nutrition and are associated with a reduces risk for chronic disease. Calorie (aka Kilocalorie) -- Answer โœ”โœ” indicates the amount of energy obtained from a particular food Hyponatremia -- Answer โœ”โœ” Too much water intake. A serious health risk characterized by low sodium levels. Amino Acid -- Answer โœ”โœ” building blocks of protein