Download Nutrition Exam Prep: Q&A on Macronutrients, Vitamins, and Diet and more Exams Public Health in PDF only on Docsity!
HTH 100 JMU: EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
What is the recommended intake of protein per kilogram of body weight? -- Answer โโ 0.8 grams Complete (high-quality) protein -- Answer โโ protein that supplies all 9 essential amino acids. Incomplete Proteins -- Answer โโ Proteins from plant sources lack one or more amino acids. Proteins -- Answer โโ Used to repair bone, muscle, skin, and blood cells. Key elements of antibodies. Most abundant substance in the body. Carbohydrates -- Answer โโ supply energy needed to sustain normal daily activity. They are metabolized faster and are more efficient then protein. What are carbs converted to? -- Answer โโ glucose (sugar)
What do carbs play an important role in functioning? -- Answer โโ Internal organs, the nervous system, and muscles. What are simple carbohydrates? -- Answer โโ monosaccharides (most common form) and disaccharides (Granulated table sugar) What are complex carbohydrates? -- Answer โโ starches (grains, cereals, and vegetables) and fiber (indigestible portion of plant foods) Stored as GLYCOGEN in the liver Dietary Fiber -- Answer โโ The non-digestible carbohydrate parts of plants: leaves, stems, and seeds. Functional Fiber -- Answer โโ Consists of non-digestible forms of carbs that may come from plants or may be manufactured in the lab and have known health benefits. What is total fiber? -- Answer โโ the sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber Insoluble Fiber -- Answer โโ DO NOT DISSOLVE IN WATER. Found in bran, whole-grain breads, and most fruits and vegetables. Soluble Fiber -- Answer โโ DISSOLVES IN WATER Found in dried beans and some fruits. What carbs should you eat fewer of? -- Answer โโ refined carbs What should a women's fiber intake be? -- Answer โโ 22 - 28 grams male - 28 - 34 grams
major minerals -- Answer โโ sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur. Needed in large amounts. trace minerals -- Answer โโ iron, zinc, iodine, copper, and manganese. Needed in small amounts. Sodium -- Answer โโ necessary for regulation of blood and body fluids, transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and certain metabolic functions. Calcium -- Answer โโ vital role in building strong bones and teeth, muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, regulating heartbeat, and fluid balance within cells. Iron -- Answer โโ Most common nutrient deficiency globally How much iron does a woman need per day? -- Answer โโ 18 mg aged 19- 50 How much iron does a man need per day? -- Answer โโ 8 mg aged 19- 50 iron deficiency anemia -- Answer โโ body cells receive less oxygen, and carbon dioxide wastes are removed less efficiently Iron toxicity -- Answer โโ ingesting too many iron-containing supplements Overweight -- Answer โโ having body weight more than 10% above healthy levels Obesity -- Answer โโ Having body weight more than 20% above healthy levels
Obesogenic -- Answer โโ characterizes environments that promote increased for intake, non-healthful food, and physical inactivity. Globesity -- Answer โโ global rate of obesity Antioxidants -- Answer โโ most common - vitamin c , vitamin e, and beta-carotene. Often in functional foods Genetic and Physiological Factors -- Answer โโ genes, hormones, and metabolism Hormonal Influences -- Answer โโ Gherkin and Leptin satiety -- Answer โโ feeling of fullness Gherkin high Leptin low -- Answer โโ tendency to over eat Leptin -- Answer โโ an appetite regulator produced by fat cells, increases in the blood as fat tissue increases. receptors don't work as well in obese people. Thrifty and Spendthrift genes -- Answer โโ individual differences determine how quickly a person loses weight and another hangs on to the weight. Thrifty individuals -- Answer โโ metabolism slows down with the less food they intake. Spendthrift individuals -- Answer โโ high metabolism, can eat a lot and almost never gains weight.
Body Mass Index (BMI) -- Answer โโ a measure of body weight relative to height BMI = weight(kg)/height squared (m2) limitations of BMI -- Answer โโ water, muscle, and bone mass are not included in BMI calculations Healthy weight -- Answer โโ 18.5-24. Overweight -- Answer โโ 25 - 29. Obese -- Answer โโ over 30 morbidly obese -- Answer โโ over 40 Super Obese -- Answer โโ BMI over 50 or higher managing weight -- Answer โโ understand calories and energy balance Maintaining a healthy eating pattern Engage in physical activity reading nutrition labels -- Answer โโ calories are now displayed in large bold fonts serving size appears large vegans -- Answer โโ avoid all food of animal origin lacto-vegetarian -- Answer โโ eats dairy products but avoid flesh foods and eggs ovo-vegetarian -- Answer โโ adds eggs to the vegan diet
calories and energy balance -- Answer โโ 1 pound of stored fat = 3500 extra calories lacto-ovo-vegetarian -- Answer โโ vegetarians that eat both dairy products and eggs Pesco-vegetarian -- Answer โโ eats fish, dairy products and eggs Semi vegetarians (or flexitarians) -- Answer โโ Eats chicken, fish, eggs, and dairy products Organic -- Answer โโ grown without use of toxic and persistent pesticides, chemicals, or hormones. Mediterranean diet -- Answer โโ emphasizes fruits, vegetables, fish, whole grains, nuts, legumes, olive oil, and herbs and spices. Poultry, eggs, cheese, yogurt, and red wine can be enjoyed in moderation. Sweets and red meat are saved for special occasions. DASH diet -- Answer โโ balanced plan developed to fight hypertension. Eat fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and low-fat dairy. Limit sweets, saturated fats, red meat, and sodium Flexitarian Diet -- Answer โโ Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and plant proteins. Less frequent consumption of fish, poultry, and meat. High scores for nutritional completeness and easy-to-follow approach for long-term success. MIND diet -- Answer โโ Combines the best elements of the DASH and Mediterranean diets into a healthy dietary regimen. Drastic Weight-Loss Measures -- Answer โโ very low calorie diets, prescription weight loss drugs, and surgery
Why do bulimics often have tooth decay? -- Answer โโ stomach acids coming up damaging teeth and dissolving the skin on their finger of choice Binge Eating Disorder -- Answer โโ eating large amounts of food rapidly even when not hungry Orthorexia nervosa -- Answer โโ an unhealthy obsession with what would otherwise be healthy eating, but becomes a fixation with food quality and purity treatments of eating disorders -- Answer โโ therapy on psychological , social, environmental, and physiological factors that have led to the problem anorexia athletica -- Answer โโ compulsive exercise not a desire to exercise, a compulsion to do so muscle dysmorphia -- Answer โโ body image disturbance, believes that their body is insufficiently lean or muscular Female Athlete Triad -- Answer โโ Low energy What are the essential nutrients for health? -- Answer โโ Hunger, Nutrients, Appetite, Nutrition, and Digestive Process Hunger -- Answer โโ When our brains initiate a physiological response that prompts us to seek food for energy. Nutrients -- Answer โโ the constituents of food that sustain humans physiologically: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water
Appetite -- Answer โโ The learned desire to eat; normally accompanies hunger but is more psychological than physiological Nutrition -- Answer โโ the science that investigates the relationship between physiological function and the essential elements of foods eaten Digestive Process -- Answer โโ The process by which the body breaks down foods into smaller components and either absorbs or excretes them. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) -- Answer โโ Daily nutrient intake levels that meet the nutritional needs of 97 to 98 percent of healthy individuals. Adequate Intake (AI) -- Answer โโ The daily intake levels that are presumed to be adequate for most healthy people Used when there is not enough information/research to support establishing RDA's Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) -- Answer โโ the highest amounts of a nutrient that an individual can consume daily without risking adverse health effects Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) -- Answer โโ Ranges of protein, carb, and fat intake that provides adequate nutrition and are associated with a reduces risk for chronic disease. Calorie (aka Kilocalorie) -- Answer โโ indicates the amount of energy obtained from a particular food Hyponatremia -- Answer โโ Too much water intake. A serious health risk characterized by low sodium levels. Amino Acid -- Answer โโ building blocks of protein
