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HTH 100 EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS., Exams of Public Health

HTH 100 EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.

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2024/2025

Available from 05/22/2025

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HTH 100 EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Nutrition and Physical Inactivity -- Answer โœ”โœ” Linked to cancer of the esophagus,
breast, color rectum, liver, stomach, kidney pancreas, and endometrial cancer in women
aged 18-25.
Stress & Psychosocial -- Answer โœ”โœ” People who are under chronic, severe stress who
suffer from mental health complications show higher rates of cancer compared to their
counterparts.
Inflammation has been linked to several types of cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Cause cellular
mutations, environmental factors weaken the immune system and disrupt the normal
microbiome.
Carcinogens in the workplace -- Answer โœ”โœ” Asbestos, nickel, chromate, benzene,
arsenic, vinyl chloride, certain dyes, coal tars, pesticides, herbicides
Radiation -- Answer โœ”โœ” Ionizing radiation (X-rays, cosmic rays, and ultraviolet
radiation), radon exposure, extreme cell-phone usage linked to brain tumors, chemicals
in food.
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HTH 100 EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Nutrition and Physical Inactivity -- Answer โœ”โœ” Linked to cancer of the esophagus, breast, color rectum, liver, stomach, kidney pancreas, and endometrial cancer in women aged 18-25. Stress & Psychosocial -- Answer โœ”โœ” People who are under chronic, severe stress who suffer from mental health complications show higher rates of cancer compared to their counterparts. Inflammation has been linked to several types of cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Cause cellular mutations, environmental factors weaken the immune system and disrupt the normal microbiome. Carcinogens in the workplace -- Answer โœ”โœ” Asbestos, nickel, chromate, benzene, arsenic, vinyl chloride, certain dyes, coal tars, pesticides, herbicides Radiation -- Answer โœ”โœ” Ionizing radiation (X-rays, cosmic rays, and ultraviolet radiation), radon exposure, extreme cell-phone usage linked to brain tumors, chemicals in food.

Carcinomas -- Answer โœ”โœ” Epithelial tissue or the tissues covering most body surface and lining most body cavities. (Skin, lungs, breasts, pancreas, and other organs and glands.) Sarcomas -- Answer โœ”โœ” Occurs in the mesodermal or middle layers of the tissue, such as bones, muscles, and general connective tissues. (Bone, muscles, and blood vessels) Lymphomas -- Answer โœ”โœ” develop in the lymphatic system or the infection-fighting regions of the body. (Hodgkin's disease) Leukemias -- Answer โœ”โœ” are cancers of the blood-forming tissues of the body, especially the bone marrow and spleen. (Bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.) Lung Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the US. What are the symptoms of Lung Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Persistent cough, blood- streaked sputum, chest or back pain, and recurrent pneumonia, or bronchitis. Treatment of Lung Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” If the cancer is localized, it is treated with surgery. Otherwise, surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy are the method of treatment. Prevention of Lung Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Involves the avoidance of smoking and secondhand smoke, test your home for radon, avoid carcinogens at work, eat a diet full of fruits and vegetables, exercise most days of the week. Breast Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” It is the second leading cause of cancer death in women

Color -- Answer โœ”โœ” is not uniform and varies in color from tan, red, brown, black, and bluish. Diameter -- Answer โœ”โœ” Greater than 6mm( side of the pea ) Evolving -- Answer โœ”โœ” Symmetry size, shape, color, and borders change over time Treatment of Skin Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Surgically removing the melanoma, but if It has metastasized, chemotherapy and radiation must also be administered. Prostate Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Small walnut sized gland that is located in the male urethra. Symptoms of Prostate Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” weak or interrupted urine flow, the urge to urinate frequently, difficulty starting or stopping urination, pain during urination, blood in the urine, and/or pain in the lower back, pelvis, or thighs. Risk factors of Prostate Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Include increasing age and familial history Prevention of Prostate Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Eating more fruits and vegetables especially those containing lycopene, a substance found in tomato or other red fruit. Avoid excess weight. Do not smoke, Maintaining an active lifestyle. Ovarian Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Cause more death than any other reproductive cancer. Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Has no early symptoms but some women have complained about being bloated.

Risk of Ovarian Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Family history of the disease is a likely risk factor. Women who have used fertility drugs are also at an increased risk than those who have not. Prevention of Ovarian Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Annual pelvic examinations after the age of 40. Cervical & Endometrial Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” Most uterine cancers either develop in the body of the uterus or int he base of the uterus, known as the cervix. Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” cigarette smoking and a history of infection with HPV. Pancreatic Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” One of the deadliest forms of cancer. Risk Factor of Pancreatic Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” tobacco use, obesity, consumption of extreme levels of red meat; high fat diet, familial history, genetics, history of pancreatitis, diabetes, prior Hepatitis B&C infections. Global Population Growth Factors -- Answer โœ”โœ” Life Expectancy, Childhood Mortality Rate, Fertility Rate, Migration. Measuring the Impact of People -- Answer โœ”โœ” Carrying-capacity of the earth. Ecosystem, Food Supply, Land Degradation, Energy Consumption. Climate Change -- Answer โœ”โœ” Shift in global weather patterns. Climate Change Fluctuation in: -- Answer โœ”โœ” Seasonal temperatures, rain and snowfall amounts, occurrence of catastrophic storm.

Avid Deposition -- Answer โœ”โœ” The deposition of wet and dry acidic component that fall to the earth in dust or smoke. Acidifies ponds, lakes, and other bodies of water. Aggravates and/or cause bronchitis, asthma, and other respiratory conditions. Indoor Air Pollution -- Answer โœ”โœ” Levels 2-5x higher than outdoor air pollution. Ozone Layer Depletion -- Answer โœ”โœ” Protects the planet and its inhabitants from ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation UVB -- Answer โœ”โœ” Primary cause of skin cancer, and damages DNA and weakens the immune system Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) -- Answer โœ”โœ” Banned in the US. Ozone layer is expected to be fully healed by the middle of this century. Water Scarcity and Pollution -- Answer โœ”โœ” 71%o f Earth is covered with water, causes of water scarcity, 2/3 of Earth population will live in water stressed areas in 2025. Tap Water in the US -- Answer โœ”โœ” Safest in the world. Safe Drinking Water Act set forth by the EPA Pollutants causing creating potential harm -- Answer โœ”โœ” Coliform bacteria and other micro-organism, volatile organic compound, fracking by-products, polychlorinated biphenyls, pesticides, dioxins. Point Source Pollutants -- Answer โœ”โœ” Waterway - pipe, ditch, culvert, or other conduit. Sewage treatment plants, industrial facilities Nonpoint source pollutants -- Answer โœ”โœ” Drain or seep into waterway from broad areas of land.

Land Pollution -- Answer โœ”โœ” Much of the waste that pollutes water starts by polluting land. As population grows, there is more waste. Sold Waste -- Answer โœ”โœ” On average each of us generates almost 5 pounds of solid waster per day. Strategies to Reduce Waste -- Answer โœ”โœ” Source Reduction, Compositing Recycling, Combustion with energy recovery. Hazardous Waste -- Answer โœ”โœ” Has properties that make it capable of harming human health or the environment The Comprehensive Environmental Response and Liability Act -- Answer โœ”โœ” Enacted to provide funds for cleaning up hazardous waste. EPA -- Answer โœ”โœ” developed protective requirement for land disposal facilities. Radiation -- Answer โœ”โœ” Energy that revels in waves or particles Nuclear Power Plants: Proponents -- Answer โœ”โœ” Believe it is a safe and efficient way to generate electricity and could help slow global warming. Disadvantage of nuclear power plants -- Answer โœ”โœ” Disposal of nuclear waste, potential reactor core meltdown. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) -- Answer โœ”โœ” Describes diseases of the heart and blood vessels, such as high blood pressure

Ventricles -- Answer โœ”โœ” Are the heart's two lowers chambers, which pump blood out to body. Arteries -- Answer โœ”โœ” Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart except for the pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Arterioles -- Answer โœ”โœ” Are branches of arteries Capillaries -- Answer โœ”โœ” Even smaller blood vessels, have thin walls that permit the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products with body cells. Venules -- Answer โœ”โœ” are very small blood vessels that carry blood from capillary beds into larger veins. Veins -- Answer โœ”โœ” Are vessels that carry blood back to the heart from other regions of the body. What are the key cardiovascular diseases? -- Answer โœ”โœ” Atherosclerosis, Coronary Heart disease (CHD), Stroke, hypertension, arrhythmia, congenital cardiovascular defects. Hypertension -- Answer โœ”โœ” refers to sustained elevated blood pressure (high blood pressure or high BP) Hypertension: Systolic pressure measure the working pressure of the heart when it contracts. -- Answer โœ”โœ” Top Number Hypertension: Diastolic pressure measures the amount of pressure maintained in the arteries during the heart's relaxation period. -- Answer โœ”โœ” Bottom Number

A person's weight, age, physical condition, etc can have an impact on their blood pressure. -- Answer โœ”โœ” True Atherosclerosis -- Answer โœ”โœ” Characterized by deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste produces, calcium, and fibrin in the inner lining of the artery. Hyperlipemia -- Answer โœ”โœ” abnormally high blood lipid level Myocardial Infarction (MI) or heart attack -- Answer โœ”โœ” The blood supply to the heart is disputed Coronary thrombosis -- Answer โœ”โœ” This is caused by a blood clot in the coronary artery. Embolus -- Answer โœ”โœ” Occurs when the blood clot is dislodged and moves through the circulatory system. Collateral Circulation -- Answer โœ”โœ” An alternative or collateral route of blood flow that develops when blockage of the heart is minor. Stroke -- Answer โœ”โœ” Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted. Thrombus -- Answer โœ”โœ” A stationary blood clot within a blood vessel Embolus -- Answer โœ”โœ” A free-flowing clot Aneurysm -- Answer โœ”โœ” a bulging or burst blood vessel

identify damage from a heart attack, diagnose congenital heart defects, and evaluate disease of larger blood vessels, such as the aorta. Ultrafast computed tomography (CT) -- Answer โœ”โœ” Fast form of heart X ray designed to evaluate bypass grafts, diagnose ventricular function, and measure calcium deposits. Coronary Calcium Scan -- Answer โœ”โœ” specialized X-ray tests that provides pictures of your heart that can help your doctor detect and measure calcium-containing plaque in your arteries. Cancer -- Answer โœ”โœ” A large group of disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Neoplasm -- Answer โœ”โœ” A new growth of tissue that serves no physiological function and results from uncontrolled, abnormal cellular development. Tumor -- Answer โœ”โœ” A neoplasm mass (clump) that grows more rapidly than surrounding tissue Malignant -- Answer โœ”โœ” Very dangerous or harmful; refers to a cancerous tumor Benign -- Answer โœ”โœ” Harmless; refers to a noncancerous tumor. Biopsy -- Answer โœ”โœ” Microscopic examination of tissue to determine whether a cancer is present. Metastasis -- Answer โœ”โœ” the process by which cancer spreads from one area to different areas of the body

Mutant cells -- Answer โœ”โœ” Cells that differ in form, quality, or functions from normal cells. Cancer Staging -- Answer โœ”โœ” A classification system that describes how far a person's disease has advanced. Cancer Stages Ranges from State 0-IV -- Answer โœ”โœ” True Lifetime Risk -- Answer โœ”โœ” the probability that a person will develop or die from a given disease. General Tobacco Use -- Answer โœ”โœ” Linked to liver cancer, colorectal polyps, oral cancer, and colorectal cancer. Alcohol Use -- Answer โœ”โœ” Linked to cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, colon & rectum, liver, larynx, and breast cancer