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HST 112 Exam Flashcards
Berlin Blockade/Airlift - ✔✔Germany was divided between East and West Germany, but Berlin (located within East Germany) was subdivided as well. Stalin decided to block goods coming into Berlin even though western European countries have territories within the capital. So to circumvent this, they airlifted goods. Beveridge Report - ✔✔1945: Beveridge writes this saying that GB needs to provide the basics to the people (basic standard of living, minimum wage, medical care, etc.)-- foundation of the welfare state, spreads to other parts of western Europe. Chernobyl - ✔✔1986: Nuclear disaster that demonstrated the USSR hiding information, USSR infrastructure leading to disasters. Radiation was 10x as much as Hiroshima, and Gorbachev went on national TV to admit fault (unusual b/c USSR usually tries to save face) European Coal and Steel Community - ✔✔1954: The first instance where all the specific countries of Europe have a larger integration (connects economies of Europe), started by a few European countries (W. Europe, BeNeLux) Nikita Krushchev - ✔✔1955: Becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party, as more willing to accept Western ideals, denounced Stalin's cult of personality, terror, announced independence for satellite states (own path to socialism, economic wiggle room) Five Year Plan - ✔✔Started by Stalin in 1928 to collectivize agriculture and bring the Soviet Union to the level of Western European countries, mass industrialization, leads to a lot of death and famine Glasnost - ✔✔"Openness" called by Gorbachev, belief that if people spoke their minds in a world that accepted open criticism, it would help solve problems (doesn't work--leads to the collapse of the USSR/Berlin Wall)
Perestroika - ✔✔"Restructuring" called by Gorbachev, plan to reconstruct and reform the economy, implemented basic accounting practices (doesn't work--leads to the collapse of the USSR/Berlin Wall) Kristallnacht - ✔✔Night of the Broken Glass, tie to Nazi racial policy (extermination of Jews from the economy and society), occurs on November 9th 1938, synagogues were burned and many Jews were sent to concentration camps, started by a Jewish teenager killing a German officer as revenge for harassing his parents. March on Rome - ✔✔October of 1922, Fascists have control of provincial parts of Northern Italy (take complete control of infrastructure), begins to march to Rome, Mussolini wants to demand king to make him Prime Minister, the king obliges Total War - ✔✔A state of warfare where an entire country mobilizes itself for battle (all aspects of a country's economy and society ready themselves for war)--men go out and fight while women and children support the war effort by producing tanks, guns, etc. Show Trials - ✔✔A form of Stalinist terror where party opponents were given scripted trials, so that people thought they were undergoing due process when reality their fate had been predetermined. Kulaks - ✔✔Peasant farmers living in the USSR (late 1920's). Stalin hated them, wanted to take their land, and combat "backwardness" with state controlled collective farms Volksgemeinschaft - ✔✔"The People's Community"- the goal was to create a unified and strong "classless" Germany with cultural equality, racial purification, and overall, wipe out German Jews (not to be confused with socialism. As long as you were purely German, you were equal) Yalta Conference - ✔✔Happens in Crimea in 1945 after WWII, last time that Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin all meet. Agreements: the Division of Germany into occupation zones, Denazification, as well as individual needs (FDR wanted a united nations and USSR to intervene against Japan, Churchill wanted US to stay involved in Europe, and Stalin wanted the USSR to have a sphere of influence in East Europe)
court were Jews, Slansky was accused of supporting Tito, hanged in Prague as a result (1953). Kovaly's husband was one of the 11 executed during the Slansky Trial. Slobodan Milosevic - ✔✔Former President of Serbia, communist, after Tito dies becomes more into nationalism, wanted power, developed ideology known as "Greater Serbia"... wants to move into areas with Serbian minorities and integrate them, arms serbia because mad at croats, has Serbia ethnically cleansing Croats, Big war, Bosnia = caught in the middle of a genocide, mass rape camps, ethnic cleansing, etc. Paramilitary forces in Croatia--armed Serbians to kill Croats Tito (Josip Broz) - ✔✔ 1943 - 1980: Liberate his country from the Nazis, was a dictator, tried to neutralize conflict with Yugoslavia by dividing it into a series of republic, carved out two provinces (Korsovo + Vivola?), limited Serbian power (Serbs resented him), turned his back on the USSR because he didn't need the Red Army, Stalin tried to assassinate him, maintained an open liberal society despite dictatorship, died in the 80's
