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HROB 3030 Midterm Exam Questions And
Correct Answers
Approximately how many workers die yearly as a result of workplace incidents? How many suffer injury serious enough to miss work? - ANSWER 1,000 workers die yearly & approx. 240,000 suffer injury.
Define the following:
- OH&S
- Hazard
- Goal of OH&S
- Occupational Injury
- Occupational Illness - ANSWER OH&S: Recognition, assessment, and controls of hazards associated with the work environment
Hazard: Any source of potential adverse health effect, damage, or harm on something or someone under certain conditions at work
Goal: Reduce occupational injury & illness
Occupational Injury: Any cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation resulting from a workplace injury
Occupational Illness: Any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment
What are the three rights? - ANSWER - Right to refuse dangerous work
- Right to participate in identifying OH&S problems
- Right to know hazards
Compare the following considerations; economic, legal, & moral. - ANSWER Economic Considerations:
- Work related injury costs are direct and indirect (overtime pay vs. work stoppages/strikes/employee turnover)
Legal Considerations
- OH&S acts provide legal rights to safe workplaces for every worker, for example, the Occ. Health and Safety Act; Employer must exercise due diligence by taking every
precaution reasonable for protection of workers
Moral Considerations
- Ethical arguments that safety is the "right" focus for employers. Workers have a responsibility to learn about and enact safety and health practices
What are some barriers to OH&S? - ANSWER Employers who...
- Value production over safety
- Focus on safety only when they feel they must
- Are uninformed or lack confidence about safety concerns
Compare acts, regulations, & guidelines & policies. - ANSWER Act: Federal, provincial, or territorial law that constitutes basic regulatory mechanisms for occupational health and safety
Regulations: Explain how general intent of the act will be applied in specific circumstances
Guidelines and policies: More specific rules that are not legally enforceable unless referred to in a regulation or act
What elements must be included in OH&S legislations? - ANSWER o An act
o Powers of enforcement
o Workers right to refuse unsafe work
o Protection of workers from reprisals
o Duties and responsibilities assigned to employers and others
What does 25(2)(H) outline? - ANSWER Employers must take all reasonable precautions to keep employees safe
OH&S acts across Canada have the general duty provision requiring employers to take every reasonable precaution to ensure employee safety
What is JHSC? What are their requirements and responsibilities? - ANSWER Required by law in most jurisdictions
Help enact the internal responsibility system
Provide non adversarial atmosphere in which labour and management can work to create a healthier workplace
Hazard recognition, risk assessment, record keeping, and responding to employee concerns
Decide whether an individual is classified as a worker, a subcontractor, or an employer
System can pay benefits if worker is affected by an industrial disease that has resulted from his or her occupation
What are the two methods of compensation? - ANSWER Percentage: Five jurisdictions base on a percentage of net earnings
Remaining will base on percentage of average earnings
What are the two main goals of worker compensation? - ANSWER Provide services to prevent injuries or reduce psychological impact or injuries when they occur
Provide training and development to prepare an injured worker to return to work
What is the second injury enhancement fund? - ANSWER employer will not be held fully financially responsible for a workplace injury that was caused by a worker's pre-existing condition or if their recovery is delayed/prolonged due to that condition.
What is a latency period? - ANSWER Time between exposure to a cause and development of a disease
What is experience rating? - ANSWER - Incident insurance premium pricing scheme
- Takes into account clear cost experience of employer
- Firms with lower-than-average incident costs per worker pay lower premiums than firms with above average incident costs
- Safer employers will face lower workers' compensation costs
What are some reporting requirements? - ANSWER Employers must report all workplace injuries to WCB within a certain time, typically 3 days
Nature of employment relationship, employees salary, nature of incident, and extent of time lost and medical treatment must be outlined
Define an unsafe act - ANSWER Unsafe acts occur when there is a deviation from standard job procedures or practices that increase a worker's exposure to a hazard
What are the components of a hazard identification program? - ANSWER Identify hazards
Visible inspection of the workplace or taking air samples to test for suspected contaminants
Walk through surveys
Safety sampling
What are audits & reports? - ANSWER Reports are filed after an incident, accident, or injury or as part of a safety inspection
Audits are obtained by reviewing records of all injuries, accidents, incidents, workplace design changes, and environmental sampling
What is the risk equation? - ANSWER RISK = Probability x Consequences x Exposure
Risk: Probability of an injury
Permanent threshold shift: Hearing disability that is permanent
How can you establish noise control? - ANSWER Noise can be controlled by using various methods, but the process for control follows the source-path-human strategies used by H&S professionals.
What is a vibration? - ANSWER Oscillating motion of body moving about a reference position
Inhibition of muscular reflexes, impaired/blurred vision, alterations of brain electrical activity
What are heat related illnesses, and cold environment illnesses? - ANSWER Heat related illness; Heat rash/cramps/stroke
Cold related illness; Chilblains, frostnip, frostbite
What are Biological and chemical agents? - ANSWER Biological: Natural organisms or products of organisms that present a risk to humans. Diseases resulting from biological agents include: AIDS, SARS, etc
Chemical agents: Hazards created by 1+ chemicals. More than 700k+ chemicals are in use in North America. May be hazardous on their own, but can also interact synergistically.
What is synergy? - ANSWER - Synergistic effects occur when the result of two factor taken together is greater than the sum of the two. Ex: Lifestyle factor such as smoking can have a synergistic effect on some materials.
Define toxicology - ANSWER Scientific study of poisons. Study of chemical-related occupational illness
What are inorganic solvents? - ANSWER Acids: Highly corrosive, used for refining and processing materials
Bases: All are toxic in certain concentrations
What is workplace stress? - ANSWER Workplace stress costs the Canadian economy $12-$33 billion annually
Large and growing problem with considerable consequences
What is stress? - ANSWER Individuals internal response to, or evaluation of, stressors
Characterized by negative feelings
What are stress moderators? - ANSWER People react differently to the same stressors
These are referred to as stress moderators
What are the 3 levels of stress interventions? - ANSWER Primary: Reduction or removal of actual stressors
Secondary: Minimizing negative consequences once a person is feeling stress
Tertiary: Help those individuals who have not been able to manage workplace stress effectively and are experiencing symptoms of strain
Elaborate on fairness. - ANSWER Fairness of outcomes - distributive justice
Fairness of processes - procedural justice
