Download HPEX 310- EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 - 2026 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
HPEX 310- EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2025 - 2026
Cardiovascular,Disease,,ANS,-,any,disease,that,affects,the,heart,or,blood,vessels
- 17+,million,death,per,year(expected,to,rise,to,23+,million,by,2030) the,leading,cause,of,death,globally CVD,in,the,U.S.,,ANS,-,-the,#1,cause,death,in,the,U.S.
- accounts,for,nearly, 1 ,out,of,every, 3 ,deaths
- Approx.,787,000,people,die,annually,from,cardiovascular,disorders
- estimates,of,lost,wages,,medical,expenses,,and,other,related,costs,exceeded,$4 80 ,billion,in, 2015
- 86 ,million,Americans,have,some,form,of,CVD The,Most,Common,Types,of,CVD,,ANS,-,-Arteriosclerosis
- Coronary,Heart,Disease(coronary,artery,disease)
- Hypertension
- Stroke(Cerebrovascular,Accident) Arteriosclerosis,,ANS,-,a,group,of,diseases,characterized,by,a,narrowing,or,"hardening",of,the,arteries Atherosclerosis,,ANS,- ,a,special,type,of,arteriosclerosis,that,results,in,arterial,blockage,from,a,build,up,of,fatty,deposits(plaque) Coronary,Heart,Disease(Coronary,Artery,Disease),,ANS,-,- the,result,of,atherosclerotic,plaque,blocking,one,or,more,of,the,blood,vessels,that,supply,the,heart Heart,Attack,,ANS,-,-the,result,of,the,death,of,heart,muscle,cells,in,the,left,ventricle
Every,year,more,than,715,000,Americans,have,a,heart,attack,,and,40%,die,within,the,first,hour Stroke(Cerebrovascular,Accident),,ANS,- ,occurs,when,blood,supply,to,the,brain,is,cut,off,for,more,than,five,minutes Hypertension,,ANS,-,abnormally,high,blood,pressure Recognizing,a,Heart,Attack,,ANS,- ,a.,Mild,to,moderate,pain,in,the,chest,that,may,spread,to,the,shoulders,,neck,,or,arms b.,Uncomfortable,pressure,or,sensation,of,fullness,in,the,chest c.,Severe,pain,in,the,chest d.,Dizziness,,fainting,,nausea,,sweating,,or,shortness,of,breath Risk,Factors,for,CVD,,ANS,-,-Non-Modifiable: a.,Age, b.,Family,History
- Modifiable: c.,Cigarette,smoking d.,Diabetes e.,Dyslipidemia f.,HDL-C g.,Hypertension h.,Negative,Risk,Factors i.,Obesity, j.,Physical,Inactivity Hypertension("The,Silent,Killer"),,ANS,-,a.,Normal: ,-,resting,systolic,blood,pressure,=, 120 ,mmHg
- Gestational,diabetes "Contributory",Risk,Factors,,ANS,-,a.,Stress ,-,can,contribute,to,the,development,of,several,major,CHD,risk,factors ,-,increases,the,risk,of,developing,both,hypertension,and,an,unfavorable,blood,cholesterol,profile b.,Alcohol,Consumption ,-,one,drink/day,for,women,,and, 2 ,drinks/day,for,men ,-,increases,the,cancer,,dyslipidemia,,HTN,,and,liver,disease,risk c.,Diet ,-,consume,nutrient-rich,foods,high,in,vitamins,,minerals,,and,fiber;,low,in,calories,and,fat ,-,limit,fats,,sugars,,and,salt! Stress,,ANS,- ,a,state,of,mental,and,physical,tension,,because,the,balance,,(homeostasis),of,the,body's,systems,is,disrup ted Stressors,,ANS,-,any,factor,that,produces,stress
- can,be,physical,or,mental
- can,be,acute,,accumulative,,or,chronic Stress,Response,,ANS,-,how,our,body,responds,to,stress
- ,deal,with,stressor,and,return,to,homeostasis
- ALWAYS,the,same,physiological,responses! Physiological,Stress,Response,,ANS,-,- 2 ,Systems,come,into,play ,a.,Nervous,System:,controls,voluntary/involuntary,movement ,b.,Endocrine,System:,controls,hormone,secretion,to,regulate,body,processes
What,happens,with,a,Stressor,,ANS,-,- The,Sympathetic,Nervous,System,activates,the,Endocrine,System,,which,in,turn,releases,hormones,such,a s,Cortisol,,which,is,the,main,stress,hormone 4 ,Types,of,Behavior,Patterns/,Personalities,,ANS,-,1.,Type,A 2.,Type,B 3.,Type,C 4.,Type,D Type,A,,ANS,-,-highly,motivated,,time-conscious,,hard-driving
- impatient,,sometimes,cynical,,hostile,,and,angry at,a,greater,risk,of,heart,disease Type,B,,ANS,-,-easygoing,,nonaggressive,,patient
- at,a,lower,risk,of,heart,disease,from,stress Type,C,,ANS,-,-confident,,highly-motivated,,competitive
- control,their,emotions,and,channel,ambition,into,creative,directions
- ,lower,risk,for,heart,disease,,however,,can,face,a,higher,risk,due,to,suppressing,emotions Type,D,,ANS,-,-prone,to,worry
- tend,to,inhibited,and,uneasy,when,interacting,with,others
- greater,risk,for,heart,disease Stages,of,General,Adaptation,Syndrome(GAS),,ANS,-,a.,Alarm,Stage b.,Resistance,Stage c.,Exhaustion Alarm,Stage,,ANS,-,-"fight-or-flight",response,occurs
Burnout,,ANS,-,loss,of,physical,,emotional,,and,mental,energy(exhaustion,phase,or,past,allostatic,load) Stress,Management,Techniques,,ANS,-,-Avoid,counterproductive,behaviors
- Diaphragm,breathing
- Develop,a,spiritual,wellness
- Develop,a,support,network
- Exercise
- Meditation
- Relaxation
- Rest,and,Sleep
- Visualization(Imagery) Rest,and,Sleep,,ANS,-,- although,individual,needs,vary,greatly,,adults,typically,need, 7 ,to, 9 ,hours,of,restful,sleep,per,night Exercise,,ANS,-,-the,recommended,types,of,exercise,for,optimal,stress,are,low-to- moderate,intensity,aerobic,exercises,such,as: ,-,brisk,walking ,-,cycling ,-,swimming ,-others(yoga,,tai-chi,,&,pilates) Diaphragm,Breathing,,ANS,-,-stimulates,vagal,response Relaxation,,ANS,-,- Progressive,Relaxation:,a,technique,that,uses,exercises,to,reduce,muscle,tension(a,common,symptom,of,s tress)
Environmental,Concerns,Related,to,Exercise,&,Injury,Prevention,,ANS,-,- Humans,are,homeotherms;,our,body,temp.,is,regulated,to,stay,close,to,a,set,point(98.6F,or,37C)
- being,to,far,above,or,below,this,set,temperature,can,result,in,serious,bodily,injury Heal,Illness/Injury,,ANS,-,- when,body,temp.,is,above,105F(41C);,symptoms,include,cramps,,rapid,HR,,dizziness,,nausea,,lack,of,swea t,,dry/hot/clammy,skin
- even,short,term,exposure,to,these,environments(w/o,exercise),can,cause,heat,illnesses 2 ,Primary,Means,of,Heat,Loss/Cooling,During,Exercise,,ANS,-,a.,Convection ,-,when,air,or,water,moves,around,the,body b.,Evaporation ,-,when,the,body,releases,heat,when,sweat,on,the,skin,is,converted,to,a,gas(water,vapor) Heat,Index,,ANS,-,a., 130 ,deg.,or,higher:,heat/sunstroke,is,highly,likely,with,continued,exposure b., 105 - 130 ,deg.,:,heat,cramps,,heat,exhaustion,or,sunstroke,likely;,heat,stroke,possible c., 90 - 105 ,deg.,:,heat,cramps,,heat,exhaustion,,&,sunstroke,possible d.,below, 90 ,deg.,:,fatigue,possible,with,prolonged,exposure Coping,with,Exercising,in,the,Heat,,ANS,-,a.,Clothing b.,Staying,Hydrated, c.,Monitoring,for,dehydration Clothing,,ANS,-,-avoid,heavyweight,,rubber/plastic,materials
- maximize,exposed,surface,area,for,evaporation
- minimize,amount,you,wear
- ,should,be,lightweight,,light-colored,,absorb,moisture,,and,allow,air,to,move,freely(cottons,and,linens)
- wet/sweaty,clothing,promotes,better,heat,exchange(evaporative,cooling) Staying,Hydrated,,ANS,-,-drink,fluids,before,,during,,and,after,exercise,sessions
Hypothermia,,ANS,-,a,significant,decline,in,the,body,temperature,due,to,exposure,to,cold,
- long,periods(1- 4hrs),of,exercising,in,the,cold,can,overwhelm,the,body's,ability,to,maintain,temperature,level Clothing,for,Cold,Weather,,ANS,-,- proper,clothing,should,trap,enough,heat,during,exercise,to,maintain,normal,body,temperature,,without,o verheating
- layering,is,critical,for,maintaining,core,body,temperature ,a.,Base,Layer ,b.,Middle,Layer ,c.,Outer,Layer The,Base,Layer,,ANS,-,-Removes,moisture,from,skin,,moves,it,to,next,layer,(wicking)
- Avoid,cotton,,tends,to,stay,wet The,Middle,Layer,,ANS,-,-further,insulates,the,body;,wicks,moisture,outward
- often,heavier,than,base,layer The,Outer,Layer,,ANS,-,-protects,you,from,wind/water
- windproof,,waterproof,,ventilated,,and,lightweight
- i.e.,jackets,,hats,,scarves,,and,gloves,protect,extremities,from,frostbite Acute,Mountain,Sickness,(AMS),,ANS,-,sickness,due,to,lack,of,Oxygen(o2)
- ,tips,to,prevent: ,-,ascend,slowly ,-,feel,the,onset,of,AMS?,,stop,ascending ,-,drink,plenty,of,water ,-,avoid,alcohol,and,other,depressants ,-,eat,high,CHO,meal
2 ,Major,Forms,of,Air,Pollution,,ANS,-,1.,Ozone ,-extremely,irritating,to,lungs,and,airways ,-,causes,bronchoconstriction,,chest,tightness,,coughing,,headaches,,nausea,,&,throat,and,eye,irritation 2.,Carbon,Monoxide ,-,reduces,blood's,capacity,to,carry,oxygen,to,body,and,muscles ,-,high,traffic,environments=,serious,health,threat Coping,with,Air,Pollution,,ANS,-,-avoid,exercise,when/where: ,-,levels,of,pollutants,are,highest ,-,automobile,traffic,is,heavy Overtraining,,ANS,-,-too,much,exercise,,&,not,enough,rest
- ,disturbed,sleep,,frequent,injuries,,increased,HR,,irritability,,and,reduced,appetite alters,our,physiological,state Common,Conditions,and,Injuries,,ANS,-,a.,Acute,Muscle,Soreness b.,Back,Pain c.,Delayed-Onset,Muscle,Soreness(DOMS) d.,Ligament,Sprains e.,Muscle,Strains f.,Patellofemoral,Pain,Syndrome(PFPS) g.,Shin,Splints h.,Stress,Fractures i.,Tendonitis j.,Torn,Cartilage Acute,Muscle,Soreness,,ANS,-,-cause:,excessive,duration,or,intensity
- prevention:,begin,and,end,exercise,sessions,gradually,,not,suddenly
Managing,Injuries,,ANS,-,- the,objectives,of,initial,treatment,are,to,decrease,pain,,limit,swelling,,and,prevent,further,injury R.I.C.E.,Method,,ANS,-,-Rest(prevents,further,injury)
- Ice(reduces,swelling,and,pain)
- Compress(reduces,swelling)
- Elevate(reduces,blood,pressure,and,,therefore,,swelling) Cryokinetics,,ANS,- ,rehabilitation,technique,that,incorporates,alternating,periods,of,treatment,using,ice,,exercise,,and,rest
