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HPEX 310 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS.
CVD,,ANS,-,Any,disease,that,affects,the,heart,or,blood,vessels "Umbrella,Term",,ANS,- ,Arteriosclerosis,,atherosclerosis,,heart,failure,,HTN,,diabetes,,dyslipidemia,,stroke,,etc Cardiovascular,disease,is,the,....,,ANS,-,Leading,cause,of,death 17+,million,deaths,per,year,and,.....,,ANS,-,Expected,to,rise,to,23+,million,by, 2030 ,(CVD) The,#1,cause,of,death,in,the,USA,,ANS,-,CVD Accounts,for,nearly,____,out,of,every,___,deaths,,ANS,-, 1 ,&, 3 86 ,million,Americans,have,....,,ANS,-,Some,form,of,CVD Approximately,787,000,people,....,,ANS,-,Die,annually,from,cardiovascular,disorders Estimates,of,lost,wages,,medical,expenses,,and,other,related,costs,....,,ANS,- ,Exceeded,$480,billion,in, 2015 Coronary,Heart,(Artery),Disease,(CHD),,ANS,-,Often,associated,with,heart,attacks Arteriosclerosis,,ANS,-,Group,of,diseases,characterized,by,a,narrowing,and/or,hardening,of,arteries Atherosclerosis,,ANS,- ,Special,type,of,arteriosclerosis,that,results,in,an,arterial,blockage,from,a,build,up,of,fatty,deposits,(plaqu e)
Rupture,or,progression,of,atherosclerosis,(plaque),.....,,ANS,- ,Decreases,blood,flow,and,results,in,tissue,death!
- ,heart,attack
- ,stroke
- ,pulmonary,embolism
- ,etc. How,do,you,recognize,a,heart,attack?,,ANS,-,- ,pain;,discomfort,(other,angina,equivalent),in,the,chest,,neck,,jaw,,arms,,or,other,areas,that,may,result,fr om,ischemia
- ,shortness,of,breath/unusual,fatigue,at,the,rest,,with,mild,exertion,,or,with,usual,activities
- ,dizziness,or,syncope
- ,orthopnea,or,paroxysmal,nocturnal,dyspnea
- ,ankle,edema
- ,palpitations
- ,tachycardia
- ,intermittent,claudication
- ,known,heart,murmur Hypertension,,ANS,-,Normal,
- ,systolic,BP,<120,and,Diastolic,BP,< "<120/80) Hypertension,
- ,systolic,BP,>, 130 ,and,Diastolic,BP,>, 80 , ">,130/80" 46%,of,adults,have,...,,ANS,-,Hypertension "The,silent,killer",,ANS,-,Hypertension
Stress,,ANS,-,A,state,of,mental,and,physical,tension Homeostasis,(when,stress,occurs),,ANS,-,Balance,of,bodily,systems,is,disrupted Eustress,("positive"),,ANS,-,Can,improve,performance Distress,("negative"),,ANS,-,Can,disrupt,health,and,functioning What,causes,stress?,,ANS,-,Anything,that,causes,a,stress,response Stressor,,ANS,-,Any,factor,that,produces,stress!
- ,physical,or,mental!
- ,acute,,cumulative,,or,chronic! Stress,response,,ANS,- ,How,our,body,responds,to,stress,,deal,with,stressor,and,return,to,homeostasis,,always,the,same,physiol ogical,responses Physiological,Stress,Response,,ANS,-,Two,systems,come,into,play!
- ,Nervous,system:,controls,voluntary/involuntary,movement
- ,Endocrine,System:,controls,hormone,secretion,to,regulate,body,processes Nervous,system,,ANS,-,Autonomic,Nervous,System:,sympathetic,branch,,parasympathetic Physiological,Stress,Response,,ANS,-,-,Nervous,System
,Endocrine:,increases,release,of,stress,hormones!,(Catecholamines:,epinephrine,and,norepinephrine,(adr enaline),,cortisol) Fight,or,flight!,,ANS,-,Preparing,the,body,for,action!
Physiological,Stress,Response,,ANS,- ,WE,NEED,IT!!,But,too,much,of,this,leads,to,exhaustion,or,"allostatic,load" Allostasis:,Allostatic,Load,,ANS,-,Explains,the,relationship,between,stress,and,disease Allostasis,,ANS,-,-body's,ability,to,change/adapt,to,stress
- ,body,seeks,homeostasis,,does,not,adapt,well,under,long-term,stress Allostatic,Load,,ANS,-,-,Body's,limit,for,stress,-,the,negative,consequences,of,stress
,constant,or,repeated,activation,of,stress,responses,(stress,response,is,inefficient,and,health,is,compromi sed) Measuring,stress,,ANS,-,-,NO,current,"accepted,standard",for,stress,evaluation, Subjective,methods:,validated,questionnaires Objective,Methods:
- ,HRV
- ,Cortisol Negative,impact,of,chronic,stress,,ANS,-,Billions,of,dollars,lost,by,business/governments
- ,leads,to,serious,health,problems!
- ,reduced,immune,system
- ,emotional,disorder,(anxiety,and,depression)
- ,hormonal,imbalances
,heart,disease,(hypertension,and,heart,disease,,someone,can,appear,normal,,have,normal,(ish),vitals,,an d,have,a,heart,attack!) Personality,Behavior,patterns:,four,common,types,,ANS,-,Type,A
Stress,management,techniques,,ANS,- ,Exercise,regularly!,Meditation!,Progressive,Relaxation!,Diaphragmatic,Breathing:,Stimulates,para,symp., Response
- ,visualization,(imagery)
- ,develop,spiritual,wellness
- ,develop,a,support,network
- ,avoid,counterproductive,behaviors,(tobacco,,alcohol,or,drugs,,disordered,eating,patterns)
- ,make,an,agenda,,make,lists,,etc Special,considerations,,ANS,-,-,environmental,concerns
- ,injury,prevention Environmental,Concerns,,ANS,-,- ,Humans,are,homeotherms:,our,body,temperature,is,regulated,to,stay,close,to,a,set,point,(98.6,F,or, 37 ,C)
- ,Being,too,far,above,or,below,this,set,temperature,can,result,in,serious,bodily,injury Exercise,in,heat!,,ANS,-,-,energy,production,for,muscle,contraction,causes,increase,in,body,temperature
- ,add,a,hot/humid,condition,=,increase,body,temp,further
,heat,illness,(body,temp,>, 105 ,degrees),=,cramps,,rapid,HR,,dizziness,,nausea,,lack,of,sweat,,dry/hot/cla mmy,skin!,(Even,short,term,exposure,to,these,environments,(w.o,exercise),can,cause,heat,illnesses)
- ,cooling,down,in,the,heat,is,key! Two,primary,means,heat,loss/cooling,during,exercise,,ANS,- ,Convection:,movement,of,air,or,water,around,the,body Evaporation:,Heat,release,as,sweat,convert,to,gas Convection,,ANS,-,Faster,the,flow,=,more,cooling,that,occurs Are,hot,exercising,environments,usually,windy? Evaporation,,ANS,-,Primary,source,of,cooling,during,exercise,
- ,if,its,extremely,hot,-,still,can,utilize
- ,if,its,extremely,humid,-,cannot,utilize,-,why? Important,to,understand,heat/humidity,index's,,ANS,- , 1 , 130 ,or,higher,=,heat/sunstroke,highly,likely,with,continued,exposure 2 , 105 - 130 ,=,sunstroke,,heat,cramps,,or,heat,exhaustion,likely,and,heatstroke,possible,with,prolonged,exposure ,and/or,physical,activity 3 , 90 - 105 ,sunstroke,,heat,cramps,,and,heat,exhaustion,possible,with,prolonged,exposure,and/or,physical,activ ity 4 ,below, 90 ,fatigue,possible,with,prolonged,exposure,and/or,physical,activity Too,hot/humid,to,cool?,,ANS,-,DON'T,exercise Coping,with,exercising,in,the,heat,,ANS,-,Clothing,
- ,minimize,the,amount,you,wear,
- ,maximize,exposed,surface,area,for,evaporation
,clothes,should,be,lightweight,,light,colored,,absorbed,moisture,,and,allow,air,to,move,freely,(cottons,an d,linens,are,BEST)
- ,wet/sweaty,clothing,promotes,better,heat,exchange,(evaporative,cooling),than,drying,clothing
- ,avoid,heavyweight,,rubber/plastic,materials STAY,hydrated!,Drink,fluids,before,,during,AFTER,exercise,sessions,,ANS,- ,>2%,loss,of,BW,from,sweat,can,result,in,sig.,decrease,in,performance
- ,recommended,to,drink,0.5L,H20,for,each,11b,BW,lost,
Heat,Stroke,,ANS,-,Life,threatening,emergency, Symptoms:,stop,sweating,,hot,red,skin,,limp,muscles,,vomiting,and,diarrhea,,seizures,,rapid,HR Action:,call,911,,attempt,to,cool,the,person,off! Hypothermia,,ANS,-,A,significant,decline,in,body,temperature,due,to,exposure,to,cold,
- ,Long,period,(1- 4 ,hours),of,exercising,in,the,cold,can,overwhelm,body's,ability,to,maintain,temperature,level, Avoiding,hypothermia:,
- ,limit,duration,of,exercise,
- ,dress,in,layers,with,appropriate,amounts,and,types,of,clothing
- ,stay,out,of,cold,water,(if,it,makes,you,shiver,,it's,too,cold) Clothing,for,cold,weather,,ANS,-,- ,proper,clothing,should,trap,just,enough,heat,during,exercise,to,maintain,normal,body,temperature,,with out,overheating,
- ,layering,(especially,for,upper,body),is,critical,for,maintaining,the,body's,core,temperature Base,Layer,,ANS,-,-,Removes,moisture,,moves,it,to,next,layer,(wicking),
- ,Avoid,cotton,,tends,to,stay,wet Middle,Layer,,ANS,-,-,Further,insulates,the,body,,wicks,moisture,outward
- ,often,heavier,than,base,layer Outer,Layer,,ANS,-,-,protects,you,from,the,wind/water
- ,wind,proof,,waterproof,,ventilated,,lightweight,jacket
- ,hats,,scarves,,gloves,protect,extremities,from,frostbite Exercise,at,altitude,,ANS,-,-,Sea,level,,changes,in,altitude,,due,to,lack,of,oxygen,- ,body,has,to,hyperventilate,for,adequate,O
Acute,mountain,sickness,,ANS,-,Sickness,due,to,lack,of,O ,-,tips,to,prevent,AMS: Ascend,slowly,,feel,onset,of,AMS,- ,stop,ascending,,drink,plenty,of,water,,avoid,alcohol,and,other,depressants,,eat,high,CHO,meal Exercise,and,air,pollution,,ANS,-,Air,pollution,is,a,HUUUUGE,PROBLEM!!! Major,forms,of,air,pollution,,ANS,-,Ozone,(gas,produced,from,sunlight,and,car,exhaust),
,extremely,irritating,to,lungs,and,airways,,causes,chest,tightness,,coughing,,nausea,,throat,,and,eye,irrita tion,,and,bronchoconstrictions,,may,trigger,asthma,attacks. Carbon,Monoxide,(gas,from,fossil,fuels,and,cigarette,smoke)
- ,reduces,blood's,capacity,to,carry,oxygen,to,body,and,muscles
- ,high,traffic,environments,=,serious,health,threat Coping,with,air,pollution,,ANS,-,Avoid,exercise,when/where,
- ,levels,of,pollutants,are,highest
- ,automobile,traffic,is,heavy Overtraining,syndrome,,ANS,-,Too,much,exercise,,not,enough,rest
,increased,HR,,reduced,appetite,,irritability,,disturbed,sleep,,frequent,injuries,,alters,our,physiological,sta te Wear,and,tear,of,shoes!,,ANS,-,Know,your,foot,support,needs! Replace,your,shoes! Improper,exercise,techniques,,ANS,-,Muscular,imbalances,and/or,direct,trauma
Prevention:,Avoid,overtraining,-,increase,load,gradually,,maintain,flexibility,in,legs/hips Managing,injuries,,ANS,-,- ,The,objectives,of,initial,treatment,are,to,decrease,pain,,limit,swelling,and,prevent,further,injury
,RICE,Method:,REST,(prevents,further,injury),,ICE,(reduces,swelling,and,pain),,COMPRESSION,(reduces,sw elling),,ELEVATION,(reduces,blood,pressure,,and,therefore,,swelling)
,Cryokinetics:,a,rehabilitation,technique,that,incorporates,alternating,periods,of,treatment,,using,ice,,exe rcise,,and,rest
