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How many valence electrons does each have? • How many ..., Exercises of Chemistry

From a Lewis perspective, why would hydrogen and fluorine make a covalent bond ... How many electrons does each atom need to make a noble gas configuration?

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Consider Hydrogen and Fluorine:
How many valence electrons does each have?
How many more electrons are needed to complete the noble gas configuration?
From a Lewis perspective, why would hydrogen and fluorine make a covalent bond?
How is formal charge determined?
How is formal charged used to identify a reasonable Lewis structure?
Here is the Lewis structure of HF, based on formal charge, is this structure reasonable:
Consider Cl2
Draw the Lewis symbol for each atom that clearly shows the number of valence electrons.
How many electrons does each atom need to make a noble gas configuration?
Using this as a guide, draw the Lewis structure of Cl2
Consider a molecule made from H and S:
Draw the Lewis symbols for H and S.
How many bonds should S make to create a noble gas electron configuration?
How many bonds can H make?
Using this as a guide, draw the Lewis structure for a compound made from H and S. You can use more than
one of each atom if you need to.
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Consider Hydrogen and Fluorine:

  • How many valence electrons does each have?
  • How many more electrons are needed to complete the noble gas configuration?
  • From a Lewis perspective, why would hydrogen and fluorine make a covalent bond?
  • How is formal charge determined?
  • How is formal charged used to identify a reasonable Lewis structure?
  • Here is the Lewis structure of HF, based on formal charge, is this structure reasonable:

Consider Cl 2

  • Draw the Lewis symbol for each atom that clearly shows the number of valence electrons.
  • How many electrons does each atom need to make a noble gas configuration?
  • Using this as a guide, draw the Lewis structure of Cl (^2)

Consider a molecule made from H and S:

  • Draw the Lewis symbols for H and S.
  • How many bonds should S make to create a noble gas electron configuration?
  • How many bonds can H make?
  • Using this as a guide, draw the Lewis structure for a compound made from H and S. You can use more than one of each atom if you need to.

Draw the Lewis structure of these double/triple bond containing molecules:

P 2 H 2 P 2 Cl 4

Which compound above has:

  • The longest P-P bond?
  • The weakest P-P bond?

Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following:

H 2 O NH 3 PCl 3 C 2 H 6

Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following structural formulas:

CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CHCCH 3 CH 3 OCHCH 2 CH 3 CH 2 COOH CH 3 NHCH 3

Now try drawing these molecules that include expanded octets:

SeF 6 ClO 3 -1^ XeF 4 I 3 -

Some molecules can be drawn in multiple ways that are equally stable. These are called resonance structures.

Consider acetate. It is shown two ways that are equally stable: acetate has two resonance forms.

On average:

  • Each oxygen has a charge of -½  (50% * -1 + 50% * 0)
  • Each C-O bond is a 1.5 bond (50% single and 50% double).

Look at the structure of carbonate below. Draw the other two resonance forms of carbonate.

What is the average charge on each oxygen?

What is the average bond (e.g. single = 1, double = 2, etc.)

Now try drawing phosphate (PO 4 3-^ ) and sulfate (SO 4 2-^ ) showing all of the resonance forms.

Still have time? Try these – show all formal charge and resonance forms.

SO 3 SO 3 2-^ HSO 3 -1^ ClO 2 -1^ ClO 4 -