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A comprehensive collection of practice questions and answers related to pathophysiology, specifically focusing on various diseases and conditions affecting the human body. The questions cover a wide range of topics such as uveitis, sepsis, commensalism, erythropoiesis, von willebrand disease, hemophilia, hodgkin's lymphoma, conductive hearing loss, dry macular degeneration, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, staging and tnm system, antiphospholipid syndrome, multiple myeloma, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and more. The questions are graded a+, indicating they are of high quality and accuracy.
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Which layer of the eyeball is inflamed in uveitis? - vascular tunic A neoplasm of mesenchymal origin - sarcoma Presence of microbial toxins in the blood overwhelms the immune system and produces a whole-body inflammatory state. - sepsis A host and a microbe exist with no harm to either - commensialism What is the end product? pluripotent stem cell > myeloid stem cell > erythroblast > reticulocyte > ??? - erythrocyte Oblong lens, irregular shape of the lens and/or cornea - astigmatism Characterized by the sudden onset of petechiae and purpura in young children - idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Where does erythropoiesis occur after age 20? - ribs, sternum, and pelvis Presence of M cells in serum without findings of multiple myeloma - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance Based on anaplasia and uses Roman numerals I-IV - grading Autosomal deficiency or defect in vWf - Von Willebrand disease A factor IX deficiency is involved in this - hemophilia B
Purple areas of bruising - purpura A decrease in the absolute number of cells - hypoplasia (but can be generalized as atrophy) Cellular engulfment, killing and degradation of microorganisms and particulate matter
A type of septicemia that leads to widespread abscesses of a metastatic nature - pyemia Evolution to acute leukemia from the accelerated phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia - terminal blast crisis Type of gangrene caused by clostridium bacteria - gas gangrene Malignant neoplasms of cells originally derived from hematopoeitic stem cells - leukemias Common sites for metastatic calcification - lung and blood vessels Underlying anatomical difficulty, and could be a thicker lens or a longer eyeball - myopia There is an increased prevalence of cataracts in: - myopic people, people who take non-anabolic steroids, and diabetics Antibodies broduced by B cells harboring the Epstein-Barr virus - they react with antigens from other species - heterophil antibodies The most common cause of impaired platelet function - aspirin and NSAID use These factors start the clotting process in response to injury - XII, high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikren Pus collects in a naturally existing anatomic cavity, such as the pleura - epyema Outcome of primary disease - sequela Neoplasm of gland tissue or gland pattern - adenocarcinoma Sudden unilateral blindness - anopsia Occlusions of branch arteries of the retina can cause - amaurosis fugax
An abnormality in the partial thromboplastin time could possibly be explained by the following - antiphospholipid antibodies Vitamin K is required in the synthesis of the following - factor II Calcium is required in the coagulation cascade in every step except - XII >XIIa and XI >XIa Where are the fixed macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system? - Kupffer's cells (liver), spleen, and alveolar macrophages (lungs) Which is not a cardinal sign of infection? - amaurosis fugax Clinical manifestations: vessel narrowing A-V nicking edema microaneurysms exudates cotton-wool spots - vascular retinopathy Involves the passage of whiter blood cells through the walls of small blood vessels - emigration Disease due to absent or defective synthesis of alpha/beta chains of adult hemoglobin - thalassemia Characterized by large erythrocytes on peripheral smear; caused by malnutrition, malabsorption and/or folic acid antagonists - megaloblastic anemia A myeloproliferative disorder in men 40-60; the volume of erythrocytes exceeds normal levels, leading to increased blood viscosity. Symptoms include complexion changes and bloodshot eyes - polycythemiavera Most common inherited enzyme defect that affects males and homozygous females; makes erythrocytes susceptible to oxidants, denaturing of HgB and Heniz body formation. People with this deficiency cannot take aspirin - glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency