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Equine Diseases and Biosecurity: A Comprehensive Exam Guide, Exams of Advanced Education

A detailed overview of equine diseases, symptoms, and biosecurity. It covers sleeping sickness, West Nile, equine herpes virus, equine influenza, tetanus, rabies, and others, detailing causes, symptoms, and treatments. It includes information on vaccines, exposure reduction, resistance optimization, and risk minimization for equine health. This resource benefits veterinary students, horse owners, and equine professionals, offering insights into disease management and prevention. As a study guide, it presents key information in a structured format, facilitating understanding of equine health management. The document emphasizes biosecurity to prevent disease spread, making it an essential reference for equine care. It highlights vaccination and nutrition for horse health, providing practical advice.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/15/2025

Smartsolutions
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HORSE CARE TECHNIQUES DISEASES AND BIOSECURITY EXAM
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!
Sleeping Sickness - ANSWER -equine encephalitis
-3 strains: EEE, WEE, VEE
-mosquitos (birds vectors)
-mainly effects horses and humans
incubation period:5-15 days
-EEE 90%fatality, WEE may recover if proper supportive care but retain neurological
deficits
Sleeping Sickness Symptoms - ANSWER -fever
-lethargy
anorexia
-neurological symptoms 5 days after exposure: wandering, circling, head-pressing,
impaired vision
-ataxia, convulsions, death 2-3 days after neuro-symptoms begin
-WEE somnolence
West Nile - ANSWER -world-wide distribution
-mosquito (birds vectors)
-zoonotic
-incubation period 5-15 days
-30-40% fatality (60-80% if unable to rise)
West Nile Symptoms - ANSWER -fever
-anorexia
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HORSE CARE TECHNIQUES DISEASES AND BIOSECURITY EXAM

WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS!!

Sleeping Sickness - ANSWER -equine encephalitis -3 strains: EEE, WEE, VEE -mosquitos (birds vectors) -mainly effects horses and humans incubation period:5-15 days -EEE 90%fatality, WEE may recover if proper supportive care but retain neurological deficits

Sleeping Sickness Symptoms - ANSWER -fever -lethargy anorexia -neurological symptoms 5 days after exposure: wandering, circling, head-pressing, impaired vision -ataxia, convulsions, death 2-3 days after neuro-symptoms begin -WEE somnolence

West Nile - ANSWER -world-wide distribution -mosquito (birds vectors) -zoonotic -incubation period 5-15 days -30-40% fatality (60-80% if unable to rise)

West Nile Symptoms - ANSWER -fever -anorexia

-ataxia -circling, weakness in hind end, recumbency, inability to stand -partial paralysis (limbs, lips) -teeth grinding -colic

Equine Herpes Virus (EHV) - ANSWER -rhinopneumonitis -9 different strains (primary concern EHV-1 and EHV-4 in US) -EHV-1 has 4 different manifestations (neurological, respiratory, abortion, neonatal death) -EHV-4 is mostly upper respiratory and affects younger horses -direct contact, indirect contact (up to 1 month), airborne (also from aborted fetal tissues --> "abortion storm" -highly contagious -supportive care, isolation for 28 days

Equine Herpes Virus Symptoms - ANSWER -high fever (2 phases) -nasal discharge -lethargy and anorexia -neurological symptoms (incoordination, leaning, head tilting, loss of tail tone, urine dribbling)

Equine Influenza (Flu) - ANSWER -Influenza A-H3N8 is main subtype -highly contagious upper respiratory disease incubation period 1-3 days -spread via airborne pathways and direct/indirect contact -low mortality- most return to work after 3-6 weeks -supportive care, isolation, rest

-no treatment, humane euthanasia

Rabies Symptoms - ANSWER -depression and/or manic behavior -lameness anorexia neurological: head pressing, circling, paralysis, incoordination difficulty urinating persistent erection

Coggins Test - ANSWER -test blood for equine infectious anemia (EIA) aka swamp fever -test once per year -must have negative if traveling over state lines, in public area, or changing ownership -RNA virus so there is no vaccine since it mutates rapidly -if positive must be euthanized or quarantined for life -some may not show symptoms and be carriers of the disease and then spread by flies

Equine Infectious Anemia Symptoms - ANSWER -transient fever -progressive weakness/depression -weight loss -disorientation

Strangles - ANSWER -equine distemper upper respiratory infection -highly contagious, non-symptomatic carries can shed bacteria for years vaccine available (recommended for horses that travel/compete frequently) most recover fully but abscesses can result in permanent cosmetic damage -fatalities that do occur come from secondary infections (bastard strangles)

Strangles Symptoms - ANSWER -fever -nasal discharge thick and purulent -swelling of submandibular lymph nodes

Equine Protozoal Myloencephalomyeltitis (EPM) - ANSWER -carried by possums which contaminate the feed and water -take up in brain and spinal cord from digestive tract -stress could cause it to flare up -symptoms vary widely depending on where protozoa take residence -diagnose using spinal fluid treat with anti-protozoal drugs for variable outcomes

EPM symptoms - ANSWER -loss of coordination/ataxia/paralysis -facial paralysis -head tilting -abnormal sweating -seizures

Potomac Horse Fever - ANSWER -bacteria found primarily in Potomac river area (VA,MD) -bacteria infects snails, moves to water-loving insects, and the larvae is ingested by horses -disease is spreading -bacteria attacks intestine--> colic-like symptoms -50% mortality, 25-30% of survivors have laminitis -vaccine available (annual or biannual) -higher risk for horses located near bodies of water

Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) - ANSWER -transmitted through respiratory secretions, indirect contact, shed in semen, and in utero -infected stallions will remain carriers -vaccinate breeding stallions annually -vaccinate mares 3 weeks prior to breeding to a carrier stallion -not typically fatal except young foals

Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) Symptoms - ANSWER -depression -anorexia -conjunctivitis -nasal discharge -skin rash -abortion -pneumonia and death in foals

Vaccines - ANSWER -most intramuscular -strangles intranasal

Reduce Exposure - ANSWER -closed herd ideal, not practical -quarantine new horses 10-14 days -isolate sick horses -group horses by production phase

When horses are quarantined/isolated - ANSWER -feed/water/care for sick horses last -use separate equipment -best practice is to use coverall and boot covers

Optimize resistance - ANSWER -good/proper nutrition -good ventilation in barns and during transport -reduce stressors -vaccinate

Reduce Risk - ANSWER -no drinking from group water troughs -no sharing equipment -avoid nose to nose contact -take measures to control insects, rodents, and wildlife