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homework #5: language analysis: palau islands, Assignments of Phonetics and Phonology

this document is the language analysis of palau islands and guam

Typology: Assignments

2022/2023

Uploaded on 05/15/2023

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Doe 1
Jane Doe
LING 391
Professor Bateman
20 April 2023
Homework #5
Language Analysis: Palauan (Malayo-Polynesian, spoken on Palau Islands and Guam)
I prose the sounds [d], [ɵ], and [ð] are phonemes in Palau for the following reasons. First, are
minimal pairs. Upon evaluation, we find that [d] and [ð] are complementary distributions. The
[d] and [ð] occur only following consonant sounds, whereas [ɵ] occurs as a dental fricative. The
following sample words illustrate this distribution. I underline the relevant segments in the chart
below:
1. Charting the Distribution (in parenthesis are repeated):
[d]
[ɵ]
[ð]
d. #_i (g, m)
c. o_#
a. ə_ə (i)
q. #_e :
e. u_#
b. #_i (n, o)
f. a_# (h, k)
j. ə_u
p. ə_#
l. #_e :
2. State the generalizations:
[ɵ], and [ð] are both dental or interdental fricatives since sounds are produced by a thin stream of
air friction where the tongue (dental) or between the teeth (interdental). Therefore, the sounds
would be minimal pairs.
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Doe 1 Jane Doe LING 391 Professor Bateman 20 April 2023 Homework # Language Analysis: Palauan (Malayo-Polynesian, spoken on Palau Islands and Guam) I prose the sounds [d], [ɵ], and [ð] are phonemes in Palau for the following reasons. First, are minimal pairs. Upon evaluation, we find that [d] and [ð] are complementary distributions. The [d] and [ð] occur only following consonant sounds, whereas [ɵ] occurs as a dental fricative. The following sample words illustrate this distribution. I underline the relevant segments in the chart below:

  1. Charting the Distribution (in parenthesis are repeated): [d] [ɵ] [ð] d. #i (g, m) c. o# a. ə_ə (i) q. #e : e. u# b. #i (n, o) f. a# (h, k) j. əu p. ə# l. #_e :
  2. State the generalizations: [ɵ], and [ð] are both dental or interdental fricatives since sounds are produced by a thin stream of air friction where the tongue (dental) or between the teeth (interdental). Therefore, the sounds would be minimal pairs.

Doe 2 [d] occurs word-initial, before vowel, voiced alveolar stop [ɵ] occurs after vowels, word-final, voiceless, fricative dental [ð] occurs word-initial, between vowels, voiced, fricative dental

  1. Phonological Rule: Based on this evidence, I assume that [d] does weaken to a fricative in some other environments that are not between vowels. [d] shifting to [ð] is a form of weakening for assimilation to occur. A feature of [d] would not block the flow of air. It fully stops the flow of air, but [ð] does not. One could say that [d] has shifted from a full stop to a fricative under the non-obstruent feature of the surrounding vowels. English has two sounds, /θ/ and /ð/, that are both written “th”. They’re considered quite different - try saying “thing” with /ð/ at the start, or “that” beginning with /θ/.