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Homeland Security Midterm Exam with correct Answers
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What are the Key concepts for class? - Answer- -Risk assessment -Risk Analysis -Vulnerability assessment -Risk management Homeland Security Act of 2002 - Answer- First introduced in June 2002. It was passed both in the House and Senate and President Bush signed into law November 25, 2002. Tom Ridge was the first Secretary-Cabinet level position. It was the largest reformation of the federal government since 1947 and joined with 179,000 federal employees and 22 existing federal agencies. First action by president Bush? - Answer- Presidential Directives - formed original concept Office of Homeland Security US Patriot Act Homeland security council and Security Advisory System What was the original thought of creating the DHS? - Answer- To be a massive law enforcement initiative meant to deter, prepare, and prevent future 9/11 type events. What is the new concept of the DHS? - Answer- The intersection of evolving threats and hazards with traditional governmental and civic responsibilities for civil defense, emergency response, law enforcement, customs, border control, and immigration Describe FEMA - Answer- In the 1980's focused on nuclear threats and caused a botched response to Hurricane Andrew in Florida. Changing FEMA's mission after 9/ leads to a botched catastrophic response to Hurricane Katrina. 5 Core Missions of Homeland Security - Answer- 1.Preventing terrorism and enhancing security
3 foundational concepts of the DHS - Answer- Security, Resilience, and Customs and Exchange Describe Security - Answer- Global systems carry goods, people, and data around the globe facilitating the movement of dangerous people. Protect the points of origin or transfer, border crossings. Opportunities for interdiction. Describe Resilience - Answer- To foster individual, community, and systems robustness, adaptability, and capacity for rapid recovery. It reflects progress and efficiency but they also create vulnerabilities Describe Customs and Exchange - Answer- They are partners of HSE (Homeland Security Enterprise) and are responsible for facilitating and expediting the lawful movement of people and goods into and out of the US. They monitor Global movement systems. Keep these concepts in mind - Answer- Prevent Deter and Mitigate. Before Homeland Security in 1803 - Answer- There was federal financial assistance to New Hampshire town to recover from fires. Before Homeland Security in 1930's - Answer- There were Reconstruction Finance Corporations who made loans available to recover from disasters Also there was the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) who created dams to produce hydro-electric power and to control flooding Before Homeland Security in 1950's - Answer- There were nuclear fallout-Civil defense programs born-build bomb shelters. Federal Civil Defense Administration (1950's) - Answer- In the 1950's they were composed of a little staff and had little financial resources. Their primary focus was for quick mobilization of materials and stockpiling crucial materials in case of war. Before Homeland Security in 1970's - Answer- Creation of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 for a response to hurricanes and earthquakes. Three Mile Island Nuclear Incident and President Carter created FEMA. World Trade Center Bombings - Answer- Was the first large scale terrorist attack on US soil. It occurred in the basement parking lot and killed 6 people while injuring 1,000's. 1,000 pound explosive was used to create extensive damage to 7 floors. JTTF found and arrested four people and they were convicted. Murrah Federal Building Bombing - Answer- Occurred on April 19, 1995. A truck bomb exploded killing 168 people, 19 children, and injured 674. 3 Commissions of 1998 - Answer- 1. US commission on National Security
Tornadoes - Answer- Are rapidly rotating vortex of air extending downward from a cumulonimbus cloud, exhibiting wind speeds of up to 300 mph. Fujita-Pearson Tornado Scale (1971) and enhanced scale (2006). Tornado Alley consists of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, and Kansas. Tsunamis - Answer- Are a wave or series of waves that is generated by mass displacement of sea or lake water caused by undersea earthquakes. Can strike at heights of up to 100 feet and as they approach shallow water, speed slows but wave builds higher. Drought - Answer- Prolonged shortage of available water, primarily due to insufficient rain and other precipitation because of exceptionally high temperatures and low humidity cause of drying agriculture and loss of stored water sources. Extreme Temperature - Answer- Major diversions from average seasonal temperatures. An example is a heat wave, which is defined as 10 or more degrees above average for prolonged periods. It is the number one weather related killer of humans; 600 people died in Chicago in 1995, and 37,500 people died in Europe, 2003. Hail - Answer- Is frozen atmospheric water that falls to earth. The moisture in clouds becomes frozen into crystals and begin to fall under their own weight. It falls and gets lifted back up and adds more water and size. There is $1 billion of damage from hail per year. Technological Hazards - Answer- Land, sea and air transportation involves complex and expensive infrastructure. Transportation accidents cause mass casualty incidents, as well as disruptions to society and commerce. Nations are dependent upon critical infrastructure. Blackouts cost $80 billion in economic losses each year. Dam failures are catastrophic to inhabited areas below them Infrastructure Failures - Answer- Failures to critical systems such as utilities, services and other assets both state and private. Chemical Agents - Answer- They are created for the sole purpose of killing, injuring, or incapacitating people. Germans used them in WW I and killed more than 90,000 people while injuring 1.3 million. How are Chemical Agents Delivered? - Answer- 1. Aerosol devices - liquid, powder or gas form.
Biological Agents - Answer- Are germ weapons, living organisms either bacterial or viruses. These date back to 14th century Mongols where they used plague infected corpses to spread diseases to enemies. Can be dispersed covertly or overtly and are designated into 3 categories. What are the 3 Categories of Biological Agents? - Answer- 1. Category A (catastrophic)