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Chapter 2 Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology
th
edition David Shier, Ricki Lewis, Jackie
Butler,2024 Test Bank for chapter 2 Chemical
Basis of Life complete (multiple choice, true or
false and case studies)
Chemical Basis of Life
True/False Quiz
Please answer all questions
Protons all bear positive charges while neutrons have no net charge.
A) True
B)
False
Atoms such as sodium that are in the first column of the periodic table have positive charges. A) True
B)
False
Elements that are radioactive isotopes react in similar chemical ways to their relatively stable counterparts, such as C12 and C
A) True
B)
False
When sodium reacts with chloride usually a covalent bond is formed. A) True
B)
False
5 Considering all molecules known, inorganic molecules usually contain fewer atoms that organic
molecules. A) True
B)
False
6 Technically speaking, HCl is the correct formula for a strong acid. A) True
B)
False
7 In the biosynthesis of large molecules within the body, water is usually added to two or more
molecules as they join together. A) True
B)False
Multiple Choice Quiz
Please answer all questions
1 An electrically neutral atom bears what trait?
A) It contains protons in its nucleus.
B)
It contains the same number of protons and neutrons.
C)
It contains the same number of electrons and protons.
D)
It contains electrons in its electron shells.
6
Chemical reactions occur as bonds are formed or broken between molecules. The molecules that are changed by a reaction are called _______________.
A) products
B)
ions
C)
reactants
D)
acids
7
The reaction NaCl # Na+ + Cl-, as written, represents what type of reaction? A) synthesis reaction
B)
decomposition reaction
C)
exchange reaction
D)
reversible reaction
8
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water are called ________________. A) acids
B)
bases
C)
salts
D)
electrically neutral
9
A substance with a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.000001 g/L has a pH of ___________. A) 2
B)
C)
D)
10
Animal "starch," or _______________, consists of branched chains of sugar units and functions to store energy.
A) glycogen
B)
steroids
C)
dextrose
D)
cellulose
11
The type of lipid responsible for forming the basic bilayer structure of a cell membrane is a _________________ molecule.
A) glycerol
B)
steroid
C)
phospholipid
D)
hormone
12
A fatty acid in which the carbon atoms are all linked by single carbon- carbon bonds is said to be
_________________. A) polyunsaturated
B)
monounsaturated
C)
linked
D)
saturated
13
Choose the correct statement about proteins and their structure. A) Hydrogen bonding rarely occurs in proteins.
B)
Most proteins are made from a short chain of amino acids.
C)
A denatured protein is equally effective as the protein in its original shape.
D)
A protein's conformation determines its function.
18
What is the sum of the neutrons plus protons equal to? A) atomic number
B)
mass number
C)
atomic symbol
D)
atomic weight
19
Which of the following is not as abundant as the others in living cells?
A) Na
B)
Mn
C)
P
D)
N
20
Which element has the nuclear configuration of 12/6?
A) carbon
B)
oxygen
C)
N
D)
K
21
The symbol Na+ is used to describe a sodium _____.
A) atom
B)
free radical
C)
ion
D)
molecule
22
Of the following, which represents an organic compound?
A)
H2O
B)
O
C)
nitrous oxide
D)
C 6 H 12 O 6
23
Whenever a partially charged hydrogen comes near a partially charged oxygen on another atom, a _____ bond is formed.
A) covalent
B)
hydrogen
C)
ionic
D)
polar covalent
24
Water tends to dissociate, forming ions; which pH value indicates that the [H+] equals the [OH-]?
A) 6
B)
C)
D)
25
Which of these is the correct formula for a strong base?
A) HCl
B)
NaOH
C)
H2SO
D)
H2O
26
At what pH is a solution completely acidic? ____ A) 0
A)
True
B)
False
6 Thallium-201 is usually used to detect cancers and inflammation. A) True
B)
False
7 Radioactive elements will undergo the same types of chemical reactions as their stable
counterparts. A) True
B)
False
8 People are constantly exposed to what is termed background radiation in the environment. A) True
B)
False
9 Exposure to radiation from medical and dental procedures is less than what one would receive
from natural background exposure. A) True
B)
False
10
Some smoke detectors can emit radiation. A) True
B)
False
11
Most chemical reactions are reversible in nature.
A) True
B)
False
12
A person could have a blood pH of 7.2 and considered to have excess acidity or acidosis.
A) True
B)
False
13
The total pH range compatible with human life is 7.35 to 7.45 in the blood. A) True
B)
False
14
A person could not survive with a blood pH of 6 or 8.l. A) True
B)
False
15
Cow's milk is more acidic than apple juice.
A) True
B)
False
16
The presence of electrolytes in the body is more important than their relative amounts.
A) True
B)
False
17
Organic compounds must all contain the atom carbon.
C)
electron
D)
positron
2
The nucleus of an atom always has a _____ charge. A) unstable
B)
positive
C)
negative
D)
neutral
3
What is the charge of an elemental atom? A) negative
B)
positive
C)
neutral
D)
constantly changing
4
Which of these has the highest atomic weight? A) magnesium
B)
fluorine
C)
lithium
D)
sodium
5
Two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights are called _____. A) elements
B)
isotopes
C)
molecules
D)
radioactive
6
What does a radioactive element do?
A) lose neutrons
B)
lose protons
C)
undergoes nuclear disintegration
D)
change their electron shells
7
When atoms react chemically they gain, lose, or share _____.
A) protons
B)
electrons
C)
neutrons
D)
atomic weights
8
Radiation in the form of two protons and two neutrons is the _____. A) gamma ray
B)
electron
C)
beta particle
D)
alpha particle
9
Which of these can be used to detect heart disease? A) iodine-
B)
gallium-
C)
thallium-
D)
cobalt-
14
What happens to sodium when it loses its outer electron? A) it becomes a negative ion
B)
it becomes radioactive
C)
it becomes a positive ion
D)
nothing
15
In table salt, _____ bonds hold the ions together. A) electrovalent
B)
electrostatic
C)
covalent
D)
hydrogen
16
What causes HCl to become an acid? A) the ionic forces
B)
covalent exchanges with water
C)
the release of H+
D)
the presence of H+
17
A covalent bond is formed whenever two atoms ______ electrons. A) lose
B)
share
C)
gain
D)
keep their
18
Carbon atoms tend to form _____. A) covalent bonds
B)
cations
C)
anions
D)
ionic bonds
19
Buildings that contain radon in their structures can cause illness because radon will _____.
A) chemically react with human tissues
B)
produce ionizing radiation
C)
be absorbed into the blood
D)
disintegrate
20
When atoms of different elements combine they form _____.
A) gases
B)
compounds
C)
molecules
D)
ionic bonds
21
The _____ is the smallest particle of an element, which has the properties of the element.
A) atom
B)
electron
C)
ion
D)
molecule
22
_____ formulas display the relative positions of each atom within a molecule.
B)
glucose
C)
Carbonic acid
D)
aluminum chloride
27
A solution with a pH of 7.35 is considered to be _____.
A) acidic
B)
neutral
C)
basic
D)
normal
28
What is the most abundant compound in the human body?
A) water
B)
oxygen
C)
carbon
D)
protein
29
What is the main purpose for cellular oxygen?
A) transports heat
B)
acts as a solvent
C)
results in energy
D)
it is exchanged for carbon dioxide
30
Which inorganic ion is required for ATP and nucleic acid synthesis and is part of their structures? A) magnesium
B)
K+
C)
bicarbonate
D)
phosphate
31
The following are monosaccharides except which one? A) glucose
B)
sucrose
C)
fructose
D)
galactose
32
Glycogen is a type of _____ and is a storage form of sugar. A) monosaccharide
B)
disaccharide
C)
polysaccharide
D)
milk sugar
33
Lipids include the following except which one? A) fats
B)
oils
C)
steroids
D)
lactose
34
If a triglyceride were digested it would break down into glycerol and _____. A) fatty acids
B)
nitrogen
