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A set of questions and answers related to hmp 401 physiology exam. It covers various topics including the lymphatic system, immune response, and digestive system. The document can be helpful for students preparing for their exams.
Typology: Exams
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___ is a clear fluid containing protein, fats, water, and lymphocytes?
Saliva
Lymph
Bile
Blood
Lymph
Lymphatic vessels are blind-ended, meaning they are closed at one end.
True
False
True
What are lacteals?
Special lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb carbohydrates
Special lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb fats
Special lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb blood
Special lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb proteins
Special lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that absorb fats
The right lymphatic duct empties into which vein?
Left subclavian vein
Right subclavian vein
Superior vena cava
Right external carotid
Right subclavian vein
The spleen ___ blood.
Filters
Stores
All the above
All the above
Shrinks
No changes
Shrinks
Neutrophils comprise ___ of white blood cells in the blood.
Monocytes enlarge and become ___ in the tissue.
Myocytes
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Macrophages
Macrophages
Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation?
Redness
Increased mobility
Swelling
Heat
Increased mobility
What is an antigen?
Any foreign substance which stimulates an immune response
A substance secreted by immune cells to neutralize invaders
A protein specific to bacteria that triggers an immune response
A toxic byproduct of immune system stimulation
Any foreign substance which stimulates an immune response
What is the function of CD4 T cells?
Secrete cytokines to activate B cells
Store antigens to create immune memory
True
False
True
Which cells produce antibodies?
Dendritic cells
B cells
CD8 T cells
CD4 T cells
B cells
Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?
Directly destroy invading pathogens
Coating pathogens to prevent attachment to tissues
Activation of complement
Bind to toxins secreted by pathogens
Directly destroy invading pathogens
Which class of antibody is found in breast milk?
IgA
IgG
IgD
IgM
IgA
Which class of antibody is the first released during an infection?
IgM
IgA
IgG
IgD
IgM
This layer of tissue contains blood vessels and some nerves that help regulate digestive activity.
Submucosa
Epithelium
Esophageal hiatus
Which sphincter controls the opening between the stomach and the small intestine?
Pyloric sphincter
Fundic sphincter
Esophageal sphincter
Duodenal sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
___ is a protein-digesting enzyme found in the stomach.
Peptobismin
Pepsin
Amylase
Lipase
Pepsin
What is the correct order of the parts of the small intestine from beginning to end?
Jejunum, ileum, duodenum
Ileum, duodenum, jejunum
Duodenum, ileum, jejunum
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The small intestine has millions of tiny finger-like projections called ___.
Microencephali
Microdigits
Vestigia
Villi
Villi
The ileocecal valve connects which two parts of the digestive tract?
Small intestine and liver
Stomach and small intestine
Large intestine and appendix
Small and large intestine
Small and large intestine
Water
Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
Fats
Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic circulation is not a circuit, but rather a one-way system from the tissues, back to the circulatory system.
True
False
True
Lymphatic capillaries are ___ permeable than blood capillaries.
More
Less
The same permeability
More
Which lymphatic duct drains the majority of the body?
Right
Thoracic
Superior
Mesentery
Thoracic
Which of these is a characteristic of lymph nodes?
Filter lymph (NO)
Lymphocytes replicate there
Grouped in clusters of 2-100 nodes
All of the above
Which organ is responsible for destroying old red blood cells and serving as a reservoir for blood?
Liver
Lymph node
Spleen
Small intestine
Pancreas
Stomach
Spleen
Small intestine
Non-specific
Innate
Adaptive
Innate
Develops after birth
Innate
Adaptive
Adaptive
Stimulated by specific antigens
Innate
Adaptive
Adaptive
Includes neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils
Innate
Adaptive
Innate
Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical barrier?
Lymphocytes
Mucus
Tears
Skin
Lymphocytes
Which of the following reflexes is part of our innate immune response?
Basophils
Macrophages
Neutrophils
How do toll-like receptors (TLR) function?
Allow immune cells to recognize specific antigenic patterns on other cell to distinguish between self tissue and invaders
Allow immune cells to create antibodies.
Allow immune cells to create reactive oxygen species.
Allow immune cells to recognize general patterns on other cell to distinguish between self tissue and invaders
Allow immune cells to recognize general patterns on other cell to distinguish between self tissue and invaders
Which cytokine produces hostility during "sickness behavior?"
TNF-alpha
TGF-beta
TNF-alpha
Which cytokine produces anxiety during "sickness behavior?"
TGF-b
IL-
IL-
TNF-a
IL-
Complement can form a ___ to create channels in a bacterium's membrane to cause them to fill with fluid and rupture?
Peroxisome
Major histocompatibility complex
Membrane attack complex
Opsonin
Membrane attack complex
Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation?
