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The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg: History, Geography, Government, and Economy, Study notes of Geography

An overview of the history, geography, government, and economy of the netherlands, belgium, and luxembourg. Learn about their struggles for independence, unique cultural features, and economic contributions to the world.

Typology: Study notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 05/04/2011

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Netherlands(capital Amsterdam, Hague world court)
History
-was under the rule of Spain
-Netherlands was the name adopted when they were fighting for independence against Spain
-Independence was recognized and ended the 30 yrs war in 1648 after an 70-80 year war against Spain
-Spain fought the war killing as many people as possible figuring this may scare the Dutch survivors in
becoming catholic
-to avoid war many migrated to America=pilgrims
-no natural resources so became big on creating empires in the new world, west indies, borgies, south
America, Dutch east indies
- For a long time this was the only western country that the Japanese would trade with=the Netherlands
is a very tolerant and accepting society
-in the early 1900’s the Dutch fought battles with the Indies and lost the east indies, giving them up to
the Indonesian people
Geography
-premier fishermen, big merchant carriers, world most efficient, vast canals and waterways(Rhine and
Meuse), hansiatic league
-known as diamond cutters
-biggest economic boost is tulip bulbs
-drugs and prostitution legal, very open society and friendly
-good photographers, instrument builders
-called first middle class society in world
-80% of population lives below sea level
-good nutrients in soil if you break up the clay
-due to being below sea level the Dutch have become very innovative and good at pumping water out
-focusing on industrial/urban development
-Calvinist: not big on human image=painters, most fine painters per capita
-west coast climate, cool summers, mild winters, 28” of rain evenly distributed
-3/4 land farmed, very scientific, yields high but does not support self
-tons of coops
-Dairy products: sold to other countries
-eggs, pig, beef, lambs, rye, oats, potato farms
-Truck farms to support urban areas with produce
-Fishing was once important, some shell fish
-Export coke, oil and gas from North Sea fields
-big in petrol, chemicals, drugs, beer, textiles, electronics, pewter
-Steel and Iron mills
-people are North Germanic w/Celtic mix
-good communication systems
-got into banking
-some Frisian language
Government
-Constitutional Monarchy
-2 House Legislature
-multiparty system
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Netherlands(capital Amsterdam, Hague world court)

History -was under the rule of Spain -Netherlands was the name adopted when they were fighting for independence against Spain -Independence was recognized and ended the 30 yrs war in 1648 after an 70-80 year war against Spain -Spain fought the war killing as many people as possible figuring this may scare the Dutch survivors in becoming catholic -to avoid war many migrated to America=pilgrims -no natural resources so became big on creating empires in the new world, west indies, borgies, south America, Dutch east indies

  • For a long time this was the only western country that the Japanese would trade with=the Netherlands is a very tolerant and accepting society -in the early 1900’s the Dutch fought battles with the Indies and lost the east indies, giving them up to the Indonesian people Geography -premier fishermen, big merchant carriers, world most efficient, vast canals and waterways(Rhine and Meuse), hansiatic league -known as diamond cutters -biggest economic boost is tulip bulbs -drugs and prostitution legal, very open society and friendly -good photographers, instrument builders -called first middle class society in world -80% of population lives below sea level -good nutrients in soil if you break up the clay -due to being below sea level the Dutch have become very innovative and good at pumping water out -focusing on industrial/urban development -Calvinist: not big on human image=painters, most fine painters per capita -west coast climate, cool summers, mild winters, 28” of rain evenly distributed -3/4 land farmed, very scientific, yields high but does not support self -tons of coops -Dairy products: sold to other countries -eggs, pig, beef, lambs, rye, oats, potato farms -Truck farms to support urban areas with produce -Fishing was once important, some shell fish -Export coke, oil and gas from North Sea fields -big in petrol, chemicals, drugs, beer, textiles, electronics, pewter -Steel and Iron mills -people are North Germanic w/Celtic mix -good communication systems -got into banking -some Frisian language Government -Constitutional Monarchy -2 House Legislature -multiparty system

-ceremonial king(orange-nassau family) -modern military -member of NATO -Common Market, Benelux Economic Union -total control: assigns farms, plans villages Religion -North is protestant -south is Roman Catholic -many religious figures come out of here

Belgium(capital Brussels)

-intellectual society-electronics, electric industries -bilingual, bicultural nation -Highlands, Ardennes -considerable area of moors, heaths and forests -lowlands north and south of highlands are agricultural, only half of land is farmed, small farms, high yeilds -meuse and Scheldt major rivers, many good smaller rivers and canals, good waterway system -climate: average 50 degrees, highlands have more high/low changes, bitter winters and snow, usual fogs and mist -grains, root crops, dairy farms, truck farms, flax, nursery plants, some cattle and horses -good coal deposits -heavy manufacturing: skilled work force, iron and steel are big -beer, lots of flavored beer, processed food, glassware, cement -woolens and linens, fine lace, cotton, handicrafts -Antwerp is a major port, good roads, good rail system -mixture of celts and germans -painting (first in oil paints), medieval cities and towns -Constitutional monarchy, 2 house legislature -coops, common market, NATO -Good education system

Luxembourg (capital Luxembourg)

-northern part is Ardennes highland -south with low rolling hills=good farmland -great temperature range, cold winters, warmer summers, more land around them so more seasonal variations -high percent of forests, 1/3 of land is Ardennes -small farms, 30 acres or less -almost half country used for grazing cattle -grains and hay, export fruits, beef, hogs -high quality white, dry wines -Iron/Steel is huge, ½ workforce involved -produce steel products: tools, railroad equipment, hardware -good transportation -some hydropower, then gas, coal