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An overview of the history, geography, government, and economy of the netherlands, belgium, and luxembourg. Learn about their struggles for independence, unique cultural features, and economic contributions to the world.
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History -was under the rule of Spain -Netherlands was the name adopted when they were fighting for independence against Spain -Independence was recognized and ended the 30 yrs war in 1648 after an 70-80 year war against Spain -Spain fought the war killing as many people as possible figuring this may scare the Dutch survivors in becoming catholic -to avoid war many migrated to America=pilgrims -no natural resources so became big on creating empires in the new world, west indies, borgies, south America, Dutch east indies
-ceremonial king(orange-nassau family) -modern military -member of NATO -Common Market, Benelux Economic Union -total control: assigns farms, plans villages Religion -North is protestant -south is Roman Catholic -many religious figures come out of here
-intellectual society-electronics, electric industries -bilingual, bicultural nation -Highlands, Ardennes -considerable area of moors, heaths and forests -lowlands north and south of highlands are agricultural, only half of land is farmed, small farms, high yeilds -meuse and Scheldt major rivers, many good smaller rivers and canals, good waterway system -climate: average 50 degrees, highlands have more high/low changes, bitter winters and snow, usual fogs and mist -grains, root crops, dairy farms, truck farms, flax, nursery plants, some cattle and horses -good coal deposits -heavy manufacturing: skilled work force, iron and steel are big -beer, lots of flavored beer, processed food, glassware, cement -woolens and linens, fine lace, cotton, handicrafts -Antwerp is a major port, good roads, good rail system -mixture of celts and germans -painting (first in oil paints), medieval cities and towns -Constitutional monarchy, 2 house legislature -coops, common market, NATO -Good education system
-northern part is Ardennes highland -south with low rolling hills=good farmland -great temperature range, cold winters, warmer summers, more land around them so more seasonal variations -high percent of forests, 1/3 of land is Ardennes -small farms, 30 acres or less -almost half country used for grazing cattle -grains and hay, export fruits, beef, hogs -high quality white, dry wines -Iron/Steel is huge, ½ workforce involved -produce steel products: tools, railroad equipment, hardware -good transportation -some hydropower, then gas, coal