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histiroy of new orleans Class: HIST - American History 1 - Introduction; Subject: History; University: University of New Orleans; Term: Forever 1989;
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-French official who controlled Louisiana for one month -at first did not believe the french were turning the colony over to the Americans. -He abolished the cabildo and other spanish controls over the colony. -Created Fire Department and Police commission and Set up a new local militia -remained in New Orleans well beyond the transfer, hoping that the transfer might be reversed.- TERM 2
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DEFINITION 5 -Civil law, as opposed to criminal law, is the branch of law dealing with disputes between individuals and organizations, in which compensation may be awarded to the victim. -French Civil Law: Woman does not lose her identity. At death of husband, wife owns 1/2 of property. But when husband is alive, he controlled all of the property even though he only owned half.-
-The US embraced slavery; a slave code adopted in 1806 differed in key ways from the Spanish Code Noir. The US was set to abolish the slave trade as of 1808; no new slaves were to be imported from overseas; the smuggling of slaves allowed for many new enslaved humans to be brought into the US. New Orleans residents saw their economic fortunes take off during the period following the closure of the international slave trade. The city became the nations center of the domestic slave trade. - TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 -Slaves no longer own or inherit anything of value -Slaves lost the right to complain about ill-treatment -FPC now warned not to insult white people or to act as if FPC were the social equals of whites; for the first time, FPC required to treat whites with deference. - Slaves accused of crimes were to be tried in separate courts that did not include safeguards.- TERM 8
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DEFINITION 9 Still being governed by Spain, and Americans in West Florida wished to become part of the US. They were jealous of the Territory of Orleans progress toward statehood. Americans living there during the American Revolution had been part of the British empire. In 1810, the Americans living in West Florida circulated a petition to form a Spanish territory.- TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 -1763 proclamation allowed britian to acquire the fur trade from france as part of the deal giving canada to the british -lucrative fur trade once controlled by france now in british control -protecton of native americans living in nw territory from us would ensure the continuation of the fur trade-lost fur trade profits big part of the reason for the british efforts to egain the territory or encourage the indians to attacks the encroaching americans.-
refers to heavily armed and armoured ground troops, as opposed to medium or light infantry,which the warriors are relatively lightly-armoured. -Older model of fighting; shoulder to shoulder; closely packed; bayonet fighting; trained not to flinch,-sometimes called stupid courage,controlled through system of bugles/whistles.-British troops still heavy infantry- TERM 17
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DEFINITION 18 -The Baratarian pirates considered a potential problem;had weapons and knowledge of the inland and coastal waters;well- connected to the merchants of New Orleans; after raiding Spanish ships off the coast of Florida,would bring the stolen goods to New Orleans;smuggled slaves into the Louisiana territory;-had many clashes with US authorities;and the British attemptted to recruit the pirates to fight on their side.- TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 -Packenham and Thornton were supposed to attack simultaneously. Packenhams Engineering regiment in the front lines supposed to put up scaling ladders in order to climb over the American defenses, but the ladders were forgotten.the first troops do nothing but kneel and fire at the Americans. mass suicide since the American sharpshooters picked them off.- TERM 20
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DEFINITION 25 -Henry Shreve took Fulton and Livingston to court and won right to free trade with steamboats; this led to rapid development of steamboat trade. Shreve invented the Snagboat, which clears the waterways and allows shallow rivers to open up to tradesuch as the Red River which allowed Shreveport to develop. New Orleans could now trade with hinterlands.
-system was a close relative of the so-called fancy girls in the slave trade;i t involved Free Creole Women of Color acquiesing to the idea of offering their daughters to engage in long-term sexual relationships with White Creole men;introduced at Quadroon Balls;one of the most powerful clubs that the Americans and other outside commentators used to beat-up the white Creole elites for their sexual and moral degeneracy.- TERM 32
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DEFINITION 38 -Immigrant issue; crime issue March 1858some citizens formed Vigilance Committee of NO;Modeled on one founded in San Francisco, which had experienced local citizens rioting and hanging criminals.In New Orleans, about 1000 members, and the organization was kept secret until 5 days before electionthey wanted to have the element of surprise thinking this would help to lead to a peaceful election.Stith and the Know Nothings end up winning.- TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 -The Mistick Krewe of Comus (founded in 1856) is a New Orleans, Louisiana Carnival krewe.-1857: and the Pickwick Club formed- Mardi Gras as we know it today starting to form. Interestingly, while the anti-Catholic Know-Nothings came from American uptown-Mardi Gras picked up by these uptown Americans.Thus, there is some Creolization of the Americans. Some common ground after all.- TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 -By 1870s, all whites united in Democratic party; symbolic of thismany white new Orleanians years later claimed to have been there-1874; Resistance continues. 600 Metropolitans and 600 black reinforcements sent to the dock.- by Stuart Landry ; It was the effort of freedom-loving Americans to throw off the shackles of a dictatorship of sordid politicians- illegally elected and holding office with the aid of Federal bayonets-
-US Congress passed these in response to white Southern violence;Louisiana is part of the 5th Military District ; General Sheridan in charge, and appointed Republican Edward Heath as temporary mayor;Federal Registrars ensured fairness as white and black voters were registered;Called for a new constitutional convention that would include acceptance of13th and 14th ammendment- TERM 47
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DEFINITION 50 -Engineer;Very intelligent, Eads was a self-taught man who studied and worked on the river;He went into the salvage business and designed a salvage vessel using Henry Shreves design for snag;he ended up retiring at 37 years old a very rich man (1857);During the Civil War,helped the Union build iron-clad war ships and had built 25 ships for the union.-
-1880;purpose was to eliminate Civil War debts;With the idea that reducing city debt would lead to the growth of the city, the goal was to gather taxes and pay off the city bondholders.This powerful board is unique to New Orleans, and it exists to this day.The Board became the depository for all city revenue. -By the 1920s, the Board of Liquidation was using more than 40% of all city tax revenue to pay off bonds- TERM 52
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DEFINITION 53 -In 1890, a new state law had required segregated seating for all intra-state passenger railroads; In a test case initiated by the Citizens Committee in 1892, shoe maker Homer Plessy deliberately purchased a seat in the first class or whites-only car and took his seat before informing the conductor that he was, according to state law, an African-American.- TERM 54
DEFINITION 54 -Exchanges Created in 1880s;1871:first exchange. By the 1880s, cotton futures were handled there;Uniform rules and grades of cotton established;Grades for different qualities of cotton: good, fair, poor, etc.;Businessmen could consult reliable information;Henry Hester, Supervisor of Cotton ExchangeFrom 1871-1933;led to exchanging of sugar, lumber, Mexican Trade.Business community now much more organized- TERM 55
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-almost leads to war with Italy;Chief of Police David Hennessy was found bleeding to death from gunshot wounds in 1890, he is reported that Italian immigrants had done it;supported the Provenzano family, which led many to suspect that immigrants with ties to the other family had committed the crime;mob of generally New Orleanians stormed the old parish prison and lynched the prisoners resulting international outrage led to a diplomatic crisis with Italy- TERM 62
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DEFINITION 63 -3 days that shook New orleans; In November 1892, about 20, Black and white workers,both unionized and those who sought to organize unions, participated in a peaceful 3-day strike;threat of violence caused organizers bring to end; best known for one of the five leaders of the General Strike Committee was an African- American union president ;first instanceStrike was directed by a bi- racial committee. - TERM 64
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-Legal gambling;become a corrupt monopoly that brought in funds from throughout the world;made contributions to the Democratic party, which protected the business.made between 20 and 30 million dollars per year.Less than 50% went to prizes, and the company paid no taxes.The Lottery Companys donations to charities and towns and cities made it a friend of the people.- TERM 67
DEFINITION 67 -An orphan from working class background, worked as a newsboy and carpenter; upon joining the union, began to embark upon his political career;he started to earn his living as a politician;became Commissioner of Public Improvements then assumed the position of 3rd Ward boss;controlled the patronage for residents of this largely Irish neighborhood;he supported the strikersof the 1892 General Strike. - TERM 68
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DEFINITION 69 -Local author who made a splash on the national literary scene following the Civil War as one of the many local color writers who attempted to record as much as possible of the speech and culture peculiar to regions of the nation seen as threatened in an era of rapid industrialization;work also touched upon examples of racial intermixing between the French descendants and African- Americans,-