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History of Interest Groups in Politics and Government | GOV 163, Papers of Local Government Studies

Material Type: Paper; Professor: Edleman; Class: Am Politics & Government; Subject: Political Science; University: Sauk Valley Community College; Term: Unknown 1989;

Typology: Papers

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Interest Groups
nInterest Group An organization
that seeks to influence public policy.
nLobby A group that attempts to
influence government decisions,
especially legislation.
nLobbyist A person who engages
in lobbying.
History of Interest Groups
nI. National Groups (1830 1889)
nFirst national interest groups
Social Groups
Anti-slavery movement
Business Groups
Railroads
Oil Companies
History of Interest Groups,
continued
nII. Progressive Era (1890-1920)
nOrganized Labor
AFL-CIO
nBusiness Groups & Trade Associations
National Association of Manufactures
Chamber of Commerce
nIII. Modern Groups (60s & 70s)
nCentered around social concerns
Civil rights movement
Women's rights movement
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Interest Groups

n Interest Group – An organization

that seeks to influence public policy.

n Lobby – A group that attempts to

influence government decisions,

especially legislation.

n Lobbyist – A person who engages

in lobbying.

History of Interest Groups

n I. National Groups (1830 – 1889)

n First national interest groups

  • Social Groups
    • Anti-slavery movement
  • Business Groups
    • Railroads
    • Oil Companies

History of Interest Groups,

continued

n II. Progressive Era (1890-1920)

n Organized Labor

• AFL-CIO

n Business Groups & Trade Associations

  • National Association of Manufactures
  • Chamber of Commerce

n III. Modern Groups (60s & 70s)

n Centered around social concerns

  • Civil rights movement
  • Women's rights movement

Types of Interest Groups

n I. Institutional Interests

n Business-oriented

  • Most interest groups are business-oriented
  • National Association of Manufactures

n Trade Associations

  • Specialized groups
  • American Bankers Association

n Individual Corporations

  • Microsoft

Types of Interest Groups,

continued

n II. Membership Interests

n Non-profit

  • Children’s Defense Fund

n Unions

• AFL-CIO

n Professional Associations

  • Skilled Workers
  • Engineers

Types of Interest Groups,

continued

n III. Government Interests

n Intergovernmental lobbies

n Foreign Countries

n States

n Universities

n Cities

Interest Group Resources,

continued

n V. Moral Force

n Moral correctness of the cause

  • Grassroots Base – spread the cause at the local levels
  • Dynamic Leader – A spiritual leader, Dr. Martin Luther King

n VI. Money

n Money can essentially buy all the other

resources.

Lobbying

Strategies and Techniques

n I. Lobbying

n Persuasion n Provide Services

  • Vacations, knowledge, money n Grassroots Lobbying

n II. Campaign Support

n In-Kind-Support

  • Example: Stuff envelops, handout fliers n Political Action Committees
  • Soft money
  • Most money goes to incumbents

Lobbying Strategies and

Techniques, continued

n III. Publicity – dramatize an issue

n Dramatic Event

  • Civil Rights March on Washington

n Personality

  • Dr. Martin Luther King

n IV. Litigation

n Sue the government or another

institution

  • Sue as last resort
  • Sue to gain access