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Exploring Consciousness: Neuroscience, Biological Rhythms, and Sleep, Study notes of Psychology

This document delves into the history of consciousness in psychology, focusing on modern perspectives, forms of consciousness, neuroscience, and biological rhythms. Topics include consciousness as an awareness of self and environment, neuroscientific beliefs, and various types of biological rhythms such as annual cycles, menstrual cycles, and sleep cycles. The document also discusses the importance of sleep, its stages, and sleep disorders.

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HistoryofConsciousness
1. Psychologybeganasascienceof
consciousness.
2. Behavioristsarguedaboutalienating
consciousnessfrompsychology.
3. However,after1960,mentalconcepts
(consciousness)startedreentering
psychology.
2
Consciousness,modernpsychologistsbelieve,is
anawarenessofourselvesandourenvironment.
FormsofConsciousness
Bill Ling/ Digital Vision/ Getty Images
Christine Brune
Stuart Franklin/ Magnum Photos
AP Photo/ Ricardo Ma zalan
3
Neuroscience&Consciousness
Neuroscientistsbelievethatconsciousness
emergesfromtheinteractionofindividual
braineventsmuchlikeachordthatiscreated
fromdifferentmusicalnotes.
pf3
pf4
pf5

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1

History of Consciousness

1. Psychology consciousness. began as a science of

2. Behaviorists consciousness argued from psychology.about alienating

3. However, (consciousness) after 1960, started mental reentering concepts

psychology.

2

an^ Consciousness, awareness of^ modern ourselves^ psychologists and our environment.^ believe,^ is

Forms of Consciousness

Bill Ling/ Digital Vision/ Getty ImagesChristine Brune Stuart Franklin/ Magnum Photos AP Photo/ Ricardo Mazalan

3

Neuroscience & Consciousness

emergesNeuroscientists from the^ believe interaction^ that^ consciousness of individual brain events from much different like musicala chord (^) notes.that is created

4

Biological Rhythms

  1. Annual migrate, cycles: grizzly On bears an annual hibernate, cycle, and geese humans experience sleep, and mood.seasonal Seasonal variations Affective in appetite, Disorder (SAD) during is dark a mood winter disorder months. people experience

Biologicalinternal rhythms “biological are controlled clocks.” by

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Biological Rhythms

  1. 28 female‐day cycles:menstrual The cycle days. averagesResearch 28 shows may not menstruation affect moods.

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Biological Rhythms

  1. (^24) cycles‐hour of cycles: varying Humans alertness experience (sleep), body 24 ‐hour temperature, and growth hormone secretion.
  2. 90 of‐ minutesleep in cycles: We 90 ‐minute gocycles. through various stages

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During slows down.deepest There sleep are (stages large (^3) ‐amplitude,‐4), brain activity slow delta waves (1.5‐ 4 cps).

Sleep Stages 3 ‐ 4

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Stage 5: REM Sleep

sleepAfter cycle^ reaching starts^ movingthe^ deepest backward^ sleep^ stage towards^ (4),^ thestage amplitude,^ 1.^ Although fast^ still and^ asleep, regular^ the betabrain waves^ engages (15^ ‐in 40 low cps)‐ much like awake‐aroused state.

A personRapid Eyeduring Movements this sleep (REM) exhibits and reports vivid dreams.

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90 ‐Minute Cycles During Sleep

With and each the 90 ‐durationminute cycle, of REM stage sleep 4 sleep increases. decreases

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Sleep Deprivation

  1. Fatigue and subsequent death.
  2. Impaired concentration.
  3. Emotional irritability.
  4. Depressed immune system.
  5. Greater vulnerability.

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Sleep Theories

  1. Sleep predators Protects: Sleeping loomed about in kept the our darkness ancestors when out
  2. ofSleep^ harm’s Recuperates: Sleep^ way. helps restore and repair brain tissue.
  3. Sleep rebuilds Helps our Remembering: Sleep fading memories. restores and
  4. Sleep gland andreleases Growth: During growth hormone. sleep, Olderthe pituitary people release less of this hormone and sleep less.

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  1. Somnambulism: Sleepwalking.
  2. Nightmares: a sleeper from Frightening REM. dreams that wake
  3. Night with intense terrors: fear Sudden accompanied arousal from by sleep physiological rate, perspiration) reactions that occur(e.g., rapidduring heart SWS.

Sleep Disorders: Insomnia

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Is Hypnosis an Altered State of Consciousness?

  1. SocialHypnotic Influence subjects Theory: may simply actors playing be imaginative a social
  2. Divided^ role. Consciousness Theory: special state Hypnosis of is a dissociated consciousness (divided) (Hilgard, 1986, 1992). (^) (Hilgard, 1992)

Courtesy of News and Publications Service, Stanford University

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Both Theories

Mimi Forsyth

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Mind‐Body Problem

  1. Dualism: Dualists physical) and body believe (physical) that aremind two (non distinct‐ entities that interact.
  2. Monism: Monists are different aspects believe of the that same mind thing. and body

Near‐death Can the experiences mind survive raise the the dying mind body?‐body issue.