Download Hildegard Peplau Theory of Interpersonal Relation Lecture Slides and more Slides Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Hildegard Peplau Theory of Interpersonal Relations I n t r o d u c t i o n Theorist -Hildegard. E. Peplau Born in Reading, Pennsylvania [1909], USA Diploma program in Pottstown, Pennsylvania in 1931. BA in interpersonal psychology - Bennington College in 1943. MA in psychiatric nursing from Colombia University New York in 1947. EdD in curriculum development in 1953. Professor emeritus from Rutgers university Started first post baccalaureate program in nursing Published Interpersonal Relations in Nursing in 1952 1968 :interpersonal techniques-the crux of psychiatric nursing Worked as executive director and president of ANA. Worked with W.H.O, NIMH and Nurse Corps. Died in 1999. Theory of interpersonal relations is a middle range descriptive classification theory.
The theory was influenced by Harry Stack Sullivan's theory of inter personal relations (1953). The theorist was also influenced by Percival Symonds, Abraham Maslow's and Neal Elger Miller. Peplau's theory is also refered as psychodynamic nursing, which is the understanding of ones own behavior. M a j o r C o n c e p t s The theory explains the purpose of nursing is to help others identify their felt difficulties. Nurses should apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experience. Peplau's theory explains the phases of interpersonal process, roles in nursing situations and methods for studying nursing as an interpersonal process. Nursing is therapeutic in that it is a healing art, assisting an individual who is sick or in need of health care. Nursing is an interpersonal process because it involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. The attainment of goal is achieved through the use of a series of steps following a series of pattern.
Surrogate: helps to clarify domains of dependence interdependence and independence and acts on clients behalf as an advocate. Leader : helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment goals in a mutually satisfying way Additional Roles include:
- Technical expert
- Consultant
- Health teacher
- Tutor
- Socializing agent
- Safety agent
- Manager of environment
- Mediator
- Administrator
- Recorder observer
- Researcher Phases of interpersonal relationship Identified four sequential phases in the interpersonal relationship:
- Orientation
- Identification
- Exploitation
- Resolution Orientation phase
Problem defining phase Starts when client meets nurse as stranger Defining problem and deciding type of service needed Client seeks assistance ,conveys needs ,asks questions, shares preconceptions and expectations of past experiences Nurse responds, explains roles to client, helps to identify problems and to use available resources and services Factors influencing orientation phase
Nurse must be aware about the various phases of communication Nurse aids the patient in exploiting all avenues of help and progress is made towards the final step Resolution phase Termination of professional relationship The patients needs have already been met by the collaborative effect of patient and nurse Now they need to terminate their therapeutic relationship and dissolve the links between them. Sometimes may be difficult for both as psychological dependence persists Patient drifts away and breaks bond with nurse and healthier emotional balance is demonstrated and both becomes mature individuals Interpersonal theory and nursing process Both are sequential and focus on therapeutic relationship Both use problem solving techniques for the nurse and patient to collaborate on, with the end purpose of meeting the patients needs Both use observation communication and recording as basic tools utilized by nursing
Assessment Data collection and analysis [continuous] May not be a felt need Orientation Non continuous data collection Felt need Define needs Nursing diagnosis Planning Mutually set goals Identification Interdependent goal setting Implementation Plans initiated towards achievement of mutually set goals May be accomplished by patient , nurse Exploitation Patient actively seeking and drawing help Patient initiated
Generalizability o This theory provides simplicity in regard to the natural progression of the NP relationship. Theories can be the bases for hypothesis that can be tested o Peplau's theory has generated testable hypotheses. Theories can be utilized by practitioners to guide and improve their practice. o Peplau’s anxiety continuum is still used in anxiety patients Theories must be consistent with other validated theories, laws, and principles but will leave open unanswered questions that need to be investigated. o Peplau's theory is consistent with various theories Limitations Personal space considerations and community social service resources are considered less. Health promotion and maintenance were less emphasized
Cannot be used in a patient who doesn’t have a felt need eg. With drawn patients, unconscious patients Some areas are not specific enough to generate hypothesis Research Based on Peplau’s Theory Hays .D. (1961). Phases and steps of experimental teaching to patients of a concept of anxiety: Findings revealed that when taught by the experimental method, the patients were able to apply the concept of anxiety after the group was terminated. Burd .S.F. Develop and test a nursing intervention framework for working with anxious patients: Students developed competency in beginning interpersonal relationship. R e f e r e n c e s
- Timber BK. Fundamental skills and concepts in Patient Care, 7th edition, LWW, N
- George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd ed. Norwalk, Appleton & Lange.
- Wills M.Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia. Lippincott Williams& wilkins.
- Meleis Ibrahim Afaf (1997) , Theoretical Nursing : Development & Progress 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott.
