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HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology exam review questions with verified answers 2025. QS What i, Exams of Nursing

HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology exam review questions with verified answers 2025. QS What is histology? - n Ans✔ The study of tissues Qs What is a tissue? - n Ans✔ A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function. Qs What are the fundamental tissues? - n Ans✔ Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve (Elephants Can Make News) Qs What is the function of epithelial cells? - n Ans✔ Cover, line, and protect the body and the internal organs. Qs What is the function of connective tissue? - n Ans✔ Framework of the body. Provides support and structure to organs. Qs What is neuroglia? - n Ans✔ The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve tissue. Qs What ability does muscle tissue have? - n Ans✔ Ability to contract and shorten.

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HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology exam
review questions with verified answers
2025.
QS
What is histology? - n
Ans
The study of tissues
Qs
What is a tissue? - n
Ans
A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
Qs
What are the fundamental tissues? - n
Ans
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
Qs
What is the function of epithelial cells? - n
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HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology exam

review questions with verified answers

QS

What is histology? - n Ans✔ The study of tissues Qs What is a tissue? - n Ans✔ A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function. Qs What are the fundamental tissues? - n Ans✔ Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve (Elephants Can Make News) Qs What is the function of epithelial cells? - n Ans✔

Cover, line, and protect the body and the internal organs. Qs What is the function of connective tissue? - n Ans✔ Framework of the body. Provides support and structure to organs. Qs What is neuroglia? - n Ans✔ The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve tissue. Qs What ability does muscle tissue have? - n Ans✔ Ability to contract and shorten. Qs What is muscle tissue classified as? - n Ans✔ Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and involuntary(smooth & cardiac) Qs What is meiosis? - n Ans✔ The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the ovaries and testes.

Ans✔ Radiation from the Sun Qs What is the dermis composed of? - n Ans✔ Fibrous connective tissue with nerve endings, blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands. Qs What are the 2 types of sweat glands? - n Ans✔ ecrine & apocrine Qs What do ecrine sweat glands produce? - n Ans✔ Sweat. Regulate body temperature. Qs What do apocrine sweat glands produce? - n Ans✔ Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm from cells, attracting bacteria that produces body odor. Qs What do sebaceous glands secrete? - n

Ans✔ They secrete sebum through the hair follicles, which lubricates the skin and prevents drying. Qs What secretion produces oil? - n Ans✔ Holocrine secretion. Qs What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? - n Ans✔ Becoming clogged and attracting bacteria. Qs What protein composes the hair and skin? - n Ans✔ Keratin Qs What makes the body's framework? - n Ans✔ Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints. Qs What are the functions of the skeletal system? - n Ans✔

28 bones of the skull. 14-facial, 14-cranium. Qs How many bones make the facial skeleton? - n Ans✔ 2 nasal bones 2 maxillary bones 2 zygomatic bones 1 mandible 2 palatine bones 1 vomer 2 lacrimal bones 2 inferior nasal bones Qs What are the bones of the cranium? - n Ans✔ single occipital frontal ethmoid sphenoid paired parietal temporal ossicles Qs What bone structures are in the ossicles (ears)? - n

Ans✔ malleus, incus, stapes Qs How many bones make the skeletal column? - n Ans✔ 33 bones Qs How many cervical vertebrae in the skeletal column? - n Ans✔ 7 Qs How many thoracic vertebrae in the skeletal column? - n Ans✔ 12 Qs How many lumbar vertebrae? - n Ans✔ 5 Qs How many sacral vertebrae? - n Ans✔ 5

What are the bones of the arm? - n Ans✔ Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals (wrist bones) Metacarpals (hand bones) phalanges (finger bones) Qs What bones make the lower part of the appendicular skeleton? - n Ans✔ The pelvic girdle or os coxae Qs What bones make the os coxae? - n Ans✔ fused ilium ischium pubis Qs What bones make up the lower extremities? - n Ans✔ femur tibia fibula

tarsals (ankle bones) metatarsals (foot bones) phalanges (toe bones) Qs How do muscles make movement? - n Ans✔ Contraction in response to nervous stimulation. Qs What occurs in muscle fibers during contraction? - n Ans✔ Myosin & actin filaments slide together. Qs What structures make up muscle cells? - n Ans✔ Myofibrils made up of sarcomeres. Qs What must be present for a muscle cell to contract? - n Ans✔ Calcium and ATP Qs What does nervous stimulation from motor neurons cause in the muscles? - n Ans✔

Qs What are synergists? - n Ans✔ Muscles that work together with the prime mover. Qs How are muscles classified? - n Ans✔ According to the movements they elicit Qs What are the two classifications of muscles? - n Ans✔ Flexors and extensors. Qs What is the function of flexors? - n Ans✔ Reduce the angle at the joint. Qs What is the function of extensors? - n Ans✔ Increase the angle at the joint. Qs

What is the function of an abductor muscle? - n Ans✔ Draw a limb away from the midline of the body. Qs What is the function of adductors? - n Ans✔ Return the limb back toward the body. Qs What makes up the nervous system? - n Ans✔ The brain, spinal cord & nerves. Qs What are the functional units of the nervous system? - n Ans✔ The neuron. Qs What are the main parts of the neuron? - n Ans✔ Cell body Axon Dendrites Qs

Ans✔ Transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS toward the effector organs such as muscles, glands, and digestive organs. Qs What are the 3 major parts of the brain? - n Ans✔ Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata Qs What is the function of the cerebrum? - n Ans✔ Movement & sensory input. Qs What is the function of the cerebellum? - n Ans✔ Muscular coordination. Qs What is the function of the medulla oblongata? - n Ans✔ Controls vital functions such as respiration and heart rate. Qs

How long is the spinal cord? - n Ans✔ 18 inches long and extends from the base of the skull to the first or second lumbar vertebrae. Qs How many pairs of nerves exit the spinal cord? - n Ans✔ 31 pairs of nerves exit the spinal cord. Qs What are simple (spinal) reflexes? - n Ans✔ Those in which nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord only and do not reach the brain. Qs What is the function of the endocrine system? - n Ans✔ Assist the nervous system in homeostasis and plays important roles in sexual maturation. Qs Where do the endocrine and nervous system meet? - n Ans✔ The hypothalamus and pituitary gland Qs

Ans✔ Serve as protein hormones. Qs What is the function of protein hormones? - n Ans✔ Stay at the cell surface and act through second messenger. Qs What is the usual second messenger used by protein hormones? - n Ans✔ Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) Qs How do hormones affect cell activity? - n Ans✔ Alters the rate of protein synthesis. Qs Which gland is considered the "master gland"? - n Ans✔ The pituitary gland Qs Where is the pituitary gland located? - n Ans✔ Attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum.

Qs What are the two major portions of the pituitary gland? - n Ans✔ Anterior lobe-adenohypophysis Posterior lobe-neurohypophysis Qs Why are the hormones of the adenohypophysis called tropic hormones? - n Ans✔ Because they act mainly on other endocrine glands. Qs What are the tropic hormones? - n Ans✔ STH GH ACTH TSH FSH LH Qs What is the STH or GH hormone? - n Ans✔ Growth Hormone