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Heredity & Genetics C652 actual Exam questions and answers, Exams of Biology

Howard Community CollegeBiology

Heredity & Genetics C652 actual Exam questions and answers

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/17/2025

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Heredity & Genetics C652 actual
Exam questions and answers
2025 latest update.
Triploidy - answer is a rare chromosomal abnormality in which
fetuses are born with an extra set of chromosomes in their cells.
Three sets, or 69 chromosomes
missense - answer a single nucleotide change results in a codon
that codes for a different amino acid
nonsense - answer in a sequence of DNA that results in a
premature stop codon
point mutation or substitution - answer is a genetic mutation
where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from
a sequence of DNA or RNA.
alleles - answer various forms of the same gene
genotype - answer genetic makeup of a cell
phenotype - answer An organism's physical appearance, or visible
traits.
base analog replacement - answer are chemicals that mimic bases
to such an extent that they can be incorporated into DNA in place of
one of the normal bases but in doing so lead to an increase in the
rate of mutation.
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Download Heredity & Genetics C652 actual Exam questions and answers and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Heredity & Genetics C652 actual

Exam questions and answers

2025 latest update.

Triploidy - answer is a rare chromosomal abnormality in which fetuses are born with an extra set of chromosomes in their cells. Three sets, or 69 chromosomes missense - answer a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid nonsense - answer in a sequence of DNA that results in a premature stop codon point mutation or substitution - answer is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA. alleles - answer various forms of the same gene genotype - answer genetic makeup of a cell phenotype - answer An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. base analog replacement - answer are chemicals that mimic bases to such an extent that they can be incorporated into DNA in place of one of the normal bases but in doing so lead to an increase in the rate of mutation.

radiation exposure - answer As radiation strikes the molecules in cells, it creates charged atoms called ions. Such ionized molecules are highly reactive and can cause mutations in DNA. Because cells are about 80% water, radiation often splits water into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl radicals. Free radicals can produce mutations if they interact with DNA. Breakage of DNA. tautomeric shift - answer The spontaneous isomerization of a nitrogen base to an alternative hydrogen-bonding form, possibly resulting in a mutation. Reversible shifts of proton position in a molecule. chemical modifications of nucleotides - answer Chemical mutagens can modify bases in DNA and alter their base-pairing properties tetraploidy - answer containing four homologous sets of chromosomes trisomy - answer a condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities. 47 chromosomes monosomy - answer Absence of one chromosome of a pair of homologous chromosomes. polyploidy - answer possession of more than two sets of homologous chromosomes. What is the purpose of DNA sequencing? - answer To determine the order of nucleotide bases Which process is used to create DNA sequences that have not naturally occurred in organisms? - answer DNA recombination

What is an example of how stem cells can be used? - answer Isolating unspecialized cells from adipose tissue and differentiating those cells into multiple cell types Treatment of cells with the chemical colchicine interferes with microtubule assembly in metaphase and anaphase. What are the resulting mutations? - answer Nondisjunction mutations deletion mutation - answer a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene Insertion - answer A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene. An error in DNA replication leads to adding an extra cytosine. This causes the DNA sequence CTCGTT to change to CCTCGTT. Which type of mutation has occurred? - answer Insertion mutation What may result if the sister chromatids of one chromosome fail to separate during meiosis II? - answer Gametes with one extra or missing chromosome During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell? - answer Metaphase I What does the process of meiosis result in? - answer A reduction in the chromosome number Why is crossing-over one of the most important events in meiosis? - answer It produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes. Which mode of inheritance describes a condition that exclusively affects males? - answer Y-linked

A man with disease X and a woman without disease X have five sons and five daughters. All of their daughters inherit the disease, while none of the sons do. Which mode of inheritance is described? - answer X-linked dominant Which event allows for the production of haploid gametes? - answer Separation of homologous pairs Why is it important that the chromosomes separate correctly in both meiosis I and II? - answer It ensures that the fertilized egg has the correct number of chromosomes. Being homozygous recessive for a certain trait is lethal at birth, but being heterozygous for this trait has benefits in adulthood. Which population genetics principle accounts for the recessive allele persisting in the population's gene pool? - answer natural selection A population subdivides into two groups of roughly equal size, and the members of each group stop mating with the members of the other group. Which term describes a possible long-term result of the separation of these groups? - answer speciation Which population would be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? - answer A large population of randomly mating flies Which condition must be met in order for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? - answer There must be no natural selection. What is characterized by out-of-control cell division? - answer cancer

  • Because the trait is autosomal, the numbers of affected males and females are roughly equal.
  • Because most affected individuals are heterozygotes, two affected individuals may have unaffected children.
  • The phenotype in homozygous dominant individuals is often more severe than the heterozygous phenotype. autosomal recessive - answer • For rare or relatively rare traits, affected individuals have unaffected parents.
  • All the children of two affected (homozygous) individuals are affected.
  • For two heterozygotes, the risk of having an unaffected child is 75%, and the risk of having an affected child is 25%.
  • Male and female children are affected in roughly equal numbers. In addition, both the male parent and the female parent must transmit the mutant allele for a child to be affected. Mendel's Principle of Segregation - answer The separation of members of a gene pair from each other during gamete formation Mendel's Principle of Independent Assortment - answer The random distribution of genes into gametes during meiosis codominance - answer a situation in which both alleles are equally strong and both alleles are visible in the hybrid genotype. An example of codominance is found in chickens. When white chickens are crossed with black chickens, the result is not a grey chicken, but a chicken with both black and white feathers. incomplete dominance - answer refers to a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, and therefore results in a new phenotype.

genetically modified organisms - answer A general term used to refer to transgenic plants or animals created by recombinant DNA techniques. Aneuploidy - answer A condition in which a person has one or a few chromosomes above or below the normal chromosome number. stem cells - answer an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism which is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation. Explain the five criteria that must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. - answer • The population is very large.

  • No genotype is better than any other; that is, all genotypes have equal ability to survive and reproduce.
  • Mating in the population is random.
  • Other factors that change allele frequency, such as mutation and migration, are absent or are rare events and can be ignored.
  • both allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation in a large, interbreeding population in which mating is random and there is no selection, migration, or mutation. genetic drift - answer The random fluctuations of allele frequencies from generation to generation that take place in small populations. natural selection - answer The differential reproduction shown by some members of a population that is the result of differences in fitness.