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Explore the reign of henry viii with these revision notes, covering his early life, marriages, the break with rome, and key figures like wolsey and cromwell. Understand the dissolution of monasteries, foreign policy shifts, and economic changes. A concise overview of henry viii's impact on england's transformation from a medieval catholic nation to an early modern protestant power, including a timeline and commonly tested questions with answers. It is useful for high school and university students studying the tudor period, offering a structured approach to understanding the complexities of henry viii's reign and its lasting effects on english history and religion. The document also touches on the broader context of the protestant reformation and its effects across europe.
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Overview
| Wife | Fate | Children | Notes |
|---------------------|----------------|------------------|-------|
| Catherine of Aragon | Divorced | Mary I | Marriage annulled after 23 years. |
| Anne Boleyn | Beheaded | Elizabeth I | Executed for adultery & treason. |
| Jane Seymour | Died (in childbirth) | Edward VI | Henry’s favorite wife. |
Key Figures:
Mid Reign:
Later Reign:
10. Death (1547)
Quick Timeline | Year | Event |
|------|--------|
| 1509 | Becomes king; marries Catherine of Aragon |
| 1513 | Battles of Spurs and Flodden |
| 1527 | Seeks annulment |
| 1533 | Marries Anne Boleyn; Elizabeth born |
| 1534 | Act of Supremacy – Break from Rome |
| 1536–41 | Dissolution of the Monasteries |
-Henry VIII's Catherine of Aragon bears him her only child Mary
Annulment of marriage
-pope refuses because catherine's nephew was Holy Roman Emperor (he opposed it)
King's Great Matter
-Henry VIII summons parliament
-closed monasteries and distributes church land to nobles
Anne Boleyn
marries her after last marriage is null and void
-has one girl- Elizabeth
Act of Supremacy
Henry VIII is "supreme head of the church"
The Church of England
-few changes in Ritual and Doctrine
-Primary: King is now head of church
Henry VIII's heirs
-Edward VI
-Bloody Mary
-Elizabeth 1
Edward VI
takes throne at age nine
-protestantism gains ground
-dies before his 16th birthday
Mary
returns england to the catholic church
-burns protestants at the stake
elizabeth I
-supremacy act restoring split from rome
-strong queen who kept England Protestant despite attempts by catholics to overthrow her.
CC's response to protestant religion
-CC had been working on reforms prior to martin luther as well
-society of Jesus
-founded in 1534 by Ignatius of Loyola
-Gather General is the leader
-Run like a military organization
-focus on education
council of Trent
-pope paul III sees need to redefine doctrines of the CC
-Calls church leaders to the Italian city of Trent to address protestant problem
Issues adressed
-corruption of clergy
-regulate training of priests
-curb financial abuses
-abolish sale of indulgences
-reject protestant idea of self descipline
Reforming Catholics
-charles bormeo
-francis of sales
-teresa of avila
-angela merici
Angela Merici
-started company of St. Ursula, order dedicated to teaching young girls
-nuns began to take more active role in the church
Religious and Social effects
-The Inquisition
-Turmoil across the world
The Inquisitions
-focus on dealing with protestants
-index of forbidden books
Turmoil across the world
-catholics and protestants both persecute each other
-protestant persecute each other
-witch trials- Ppl. blame poor harvests on witches
-separation of church and state- church losing power
Political war and unrest
-italian wars
