Download Term 1: Educational Psychology and Adolescent Development Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Developmental Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD) - Involves inattention, impulsivity, and excessive motor activity resulting in academic and social problems. TERM 2
Cognitive Self-Regulation
DEFINITION 2 The process of continuously monitoring progress toward a goal, checking outcomes, and redirecting unsuccessful efforts. TERM 3
Concrete Operational Stage
DEFINITION 3 Extends from about 7 to 11 years and marks a major turning point in cognitive development. Thought is far more logical, flexible, and organized than it was earlier TERM 4
Constructivist Classroom
DEFINITION 4 Encourages students to construct their own knowledge. Although constructivist approaches vary, many are grounded in Piaget's theory, which views children as active agents who reflect on and coordinate their own thoughts rather than absorbing those of others. A glance inside a constructivist classroom reveals richly equipped learning centers, small groups and individual solving self-chosen problems, and a teacher who guides and supports in response to children's needs. Students are evaluated by considering their progress in relation to their own prior development. TERM 5
Convergent
Thinking
DEFINITION 5 Involves arriving at a single correct answer and is emphasized on intelligence tests.
Cooperative Learning
In which small groups of classmates work toward a common goal(s). TERM 7
Creativity
DEFINITION 7 The ability to produce work that is original yet appropriate - something others have not thought of that is useful in some way. TERM 8
Divergent
Thinking
DEFINITION 8 The generation of multiple and unusual possibilities when faced with a task or problem. TERM 9
Educational Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
DEFINITION 9 Children may adopt teachers' positive or negative views and start to live up to them. TERM 10
Elaboration
DEFINITION 10 Creating a relationship, or shared meaning, between two or more pieces of information that do not belong to the same category.
Organization
Grouping related items together TERM 17
Phonics Approach
DEFINITION 17 Believing that children should first be coached on phonics - the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds. Only after mastering these skills should they get complex reading material. TERM 18
Rehearsal
DEFINITION 18 Repeating the information to theirself. TERM 19
Reversibility
DEFINITION 19 The capacity to think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction, returning to the starting point. TERM 20
Rough-and-Tumble Play
DEFINITION 20 The friendly chasing and play-fighting.
Stereotype Threat
The fear of being judged on the basis of a negative stereotype - can trigger anxiety that interferes with performance. TERM 22
Traditional Classroom
DEFINITION 22 The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making and does most of the talking. Students are relatively passive - listening, responding when called on, and completing teacher-assigned tasks. Their progress is evaluated by how well they keep pace with a uniform set of standards for their grade. TERM 23
Triarchic Theory of Successful Intelligence
DEFINITION 23 Identifies three broad, interacting intelligences: (1) analytical intelligence, or information-processing skills; (2) creative intelligence, the capacity to solve novel problems; and (3) practical intelligences, application of intellectual skills in everyday situations. Intelligent behavior involves balancing all three intelligences to achieve success in life according to one's personal goals and the requirements of one's cultural community. TERM 24
Whole Language Approach
DEFINITION 24 Argued that reading should be taught in a way that parallels natural language learning. From the beginning, children should be exposed to text in its complete form - stories, poems, letters, posters, and lists - so that they can appreciate the communicative function of written language. TERM 25
Blended, or Reconstituted Families
DEFINITION 25 Parent, Stepparent, and children form a new family structure after divorce and remarriage.
Peer Acceptance
"Likeability" - the extent to which a child is viewed by a group of agemates, such as classmates, as a worthy social partner. TERM 32
Peer Group
DEFINITION 32 Collectives that generate unique values and standards for behavior and a social structure of leaders and followers. TERM 33
Peer Victimization
DEFINITION 33 Certain children become targets of verbal and physical attacks or other forms of abuse. TERM 34
Perspective Taking
DEFINITION 34 The capacity to imagine what other people may be thinking and feeling. TERM 35
Phobia
DEFINITION 35 Unmanageable fear. -Developed by about 5% of school-age children.
Popular Children
Children who get many positive votes (are well-liked) TERM 37
Rejected Children
DEFINITION 37 Children who get many negative votes. TERM 38
Problem-Centered Coping
DEFINITION 38 They appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty, and decide what to do about it. TERM 39
Adolescence
DEFINITION 39 The transition between childhood and adulthood TERM 40
Anorexia Nervosa
DEFINITION 40 A tragic eating disorder disturbance in which young people starve themselves because of a compulsive fear of getting fat.
Primary Sexual Characteristics
Involve the reproductive orangs TERM 47
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
DEFINITION 47 The visible exterior body parts that serve as additional signs of sexual maturity EX. breasts and pubic hair. TERM 48
Propositional Thought
DEFINITION 48 Adolescents' ability to evaluate the logic of propositions (verbal statements) without referring to real-world circumstances. TERM 49
Puberty
DEFINITION 49 A flood of biological events leading to an adult-sized body and sexual maturity. TERM 50
Ethnic Identity
DEFINITION 50 A sense of ethnic group membership and attitudes and feelings associated with that membership.
Acculturative Stress
Psychological distress resulting from conflict between the minority and the host culture. TERM 52
Bicultural Identity
DEFINITION 52 Exploring and adopting values from both the adolescent's subculture and the dominant culture. TERM 53
Autonomy
DEFINITION 53 A sense of oneself as a separate, self-governing individual. TERM 54
Clique
DEFINITION 54 Groups of about five to seven members who are friends and therefore, usually resemble one another in family background, attitudes, and values. TERM 55
Crowd
DEFINITION 55 Often several cliques with similar values form a larger, more loosely organized group.
Identity vs. Role Confusion
The psychological conflict of adolescence. If young people's earlier conflicts were resolved negatively or if society limits their choices to ones that do not match their abilities and desires, they may appear shallow, directionless, and unprepared for the challenges of adulthood. TERM 62
Moral Self-Relevance
DEFINITION 62 The degree to which morality is central to self-concept
