Health Belief Model and Historical Origin of the Model, Slides of Health sciences

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The Health Belief

Model

Historical Origins of the Model

 Lewin’s Field Theory (1935)

 Introduced the concept of barriers to and

facilitators of behavior change

 U.S. Public Health Service (1950’s)

 Group of social psychologists trying to explain

why people did not participate in prevention and

screening programs.

 Two major influences from learning theory:

 Stimulus Response Theory

 Cognitive Theory

Cognitive Theory

 Emphasize the role of subjective hypotheses

and expectations held by the individual.

 Beliefs, attitudes, desires, expectations, etc.

 Influencing beliefs and expectations about

the situation can drive behavior change,

rather than trying to influence the behavior

directly.

Value-Expectancy Theory

 Vroom!

 Expectancy: person believes that increased

effort leads to improved performance

 Instrumentality: person believes that

improved performance leads to a certain

outcome or reward

 Outcomes: person values that reward or

outcome

Components of HBM

 Perceived Susceptibility: how likely do you think

you are to have this health issue?

 Perceived Severity: how serious a problem do you

believe this health issue is?

 Perceived Benefits: how well does the

recommended behavior reduce the risk(s)

associated with this health issue?

 Perceived Barriers: what are the potential negative

aspects of doing this recommended behavior?

Additional Components of

HBM

 Cues to Action: factors which cause you to change,

or want to change. (not systematically studied)

 Self-Efficacy: one’s “conviction that one can

successfully execute the behavior required to

produce the outcomes” (Bandura, 1977).

 As the health concerns of the nation have shifted to

lifestyle-related conditions, self-efficacy has taken on

greater importance, both as an independent construct, and

as a component of HBM

Individual Perceptions Modifying Factors^ Likelihood of Action

• Demographics
• Personality
• SES
• Knowledge Perceived threat Cues to Action
• Education
• Symptoms
• Media
• Perceived Susceptibility
• Perceived Severity Perceived Benefits minus Perceived Barriers Likelihood of Behavior change