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A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to health 100, covering topics such as morbidity and mortality rates, health models (medical and public health/ecological), disease prevention, health promotion, and wellness dimensions. It also addresses modifiable risk factors, impediments to academic performance, determinants of health, and various models of behavior change like the health belief model, social cognitive model, and transtheoretical model. Additionally, it covers stress, sleep, psychological health, and related disorders, offering a detailed overview of key concepts in health studies. Useful for students preparing for exams or seeking a concise review of essential health topics. (400 characters)
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Morbidity rate -- Answer ✔✔ The relative incidence of disease among a population Mortality rate -- Answer ✔✔ The proportion of deaths to population in a given period of time Medical Model -- Answer ✔✔ A view of health in which health status focuses primarily on the individual and biological or diseased-organ perspective Public Health/Ecological Model -- Answer ✔✔ A view of health in which diseases and other negative health events are seen as a result of an individual's interaction with his or her social and physical environment Disease Prevention -- Answer ✔✔ Actions or behaviors designed to keep people from getting sick
Health Promotion -- Answer ✔✔ Supports (educational, organizational, social, environmental, financial, procedural) that help individuals and groups reduce negative health behaviors and promote positive change Wellness -- Answer ✔✔ Achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions; optimal health and vitality The Dimensions of Wellness -- Answer ✔✔ Physical, Emotional, Intellectual,Social, Spiritual, Environmental, **Occupational (in other definitions of wellness) Top 5 Modifiable Risk Factors Affecting Health Life Expectancy? -- Answer ✔✔ Diet, Smoking, Physical Activity, Body Weight, Alcohol Consumption Most reported impediments to academic performance? -- Answer ✔✔ stress, anxiety, sleep difficulties DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH? -- Answer ✔✔ Biology and genetics, Individual behavior, Social factors, Access to quality health services, Policymaking, Health Disparities Health Belief Model -- Answer ✔✔ I. Rosenstock in 1966- healthy behavior change is more likely if... The health problem is perceived to be serious, The individual perceives that the health problem poses a threat, Perceived benefits, Perceived barriers can be overcome, There are cues to action Social Cognitive Model -- Answer ✔✔ Model of behavior change emphasizing the role of social factors and thought processes in behavior change
Endocrine System -- Answer ✔✔ Glands secrete hormones such as epinephrine/adrenaline and cortisol Factors Affecting Reaction to Stress -- Answer ✔✔ Biological factors, Cultural background, Experience, Hardiness, Resilience Allostatic load -- Answer ✔✔ long term negative impact of stress response on the body resulting from overexposure to stress hormones such as cortisol Affects of Chronic Stress on Psychological & Intellectual Health -- Answer ✔✔ Affects focus, judgment, ability to think clearly; Impaired short-term and verbal memory memory; Anxiety, depression; possible increased risk of suicide; Panic attacks; Stress disorders... Psychosocial Stressors -- Answer ✔✔ Adjustment to change, Hassles, The toll of relationships, Academic and financial pressure, Stressful environments, Bias and discrimination, overload Managing Stress -- Answer ✔✔ Social support, Communication, Exercise, Nutrition, Sleep, TIME MANAGEMENT, Sleep deprivation -- Answer ✔✔ occurs when sleep is insufficient; impairs physical, emotional, & cognitive function Somnolence -- Answer ✔✔ drowsy, sluggish, lack of mental alertness that affects daily performance
What Makes You Sleep? -- Answer ✔✔ Circadian rhythm Internal "biological clock" that controls body temperature, levels of alertness & activity; also signals PINEAL GLAND to release MELATONIN and PITUITARY GLAND to release GROWTH HORMONE during sleep Sleep Cycles -- Answer ✔✔ Cycle back and forth from REM-NREM every 90- 100 minutes 4-5 x per night Memory "filing" occurs in both REM & slow-wave NREM sleep Dyssomnias -- Answer ✔✔ Insomnia, Sleep apnea, Narcolepsy, Restless Legs Syndrome Parasomnias -- Answer ✔✔ Sleepwalking disorder, Nocturnal eating disorder, Night terrors, Enuresis, Sexsomnia Treatments for Sleep Apnea -- Answer ✔✔ Mild forms - lose weight, stop smoking/drinking, sleep on side, decongestants, dental appliances Sleep studies - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) device Samnoplasty- radio frequency surgical method PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH dimensions -- Answer ✔✔ Mental •Emotional•Social•Spiritual
Two neurotransmitters most commonly associated with mental disorders are.....? -- Answer ✔✔ Serotonin•Dopamine LEARNING DISABILITIES AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS -- Answer ✔✔ Attention-deficit (hyperactive) disorder (ADD / ADHD)•Dyslexia / dyscalculia/ dysgraphia•Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) PERSONALITY DISORDERS -- Answer ✔✔ Characterized by inflexible patterns of thought and beliefs that lead to socially distressing behavior The 3 facets of spirituality: -- Answer ✔✔ •Relationships•Values•Meaningful purpose in life Mortality -- Answer ✔✔ The proportion of deaths to population Life expectancy -- Answer ✔✔ Expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as birth Chronic disease -- Answer ✔✔ A disease that typically begins slowly, progresses and persists, with a variety of signs and symptoms that can be treated but not cured Healthy life expectancy -- Answer ✔✔ Expected number of years of full health remaining at a given age, such as at birth Health-related quality of life -- Answer ✔✔ Assessment of impact of health- including elements of physical, mental, emotional, and social function- on overall quality of life
Health -- Answer ✔✔ The ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions Infectious disease -- Answer ✔✔ Conditions caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another.