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Happy Face Spider: A Camouflage Study for Students, Study notes of Natural History

Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University (FAMU)Natural History

An educational activity for students to learn about the happy face spider, its camouflage patterns, and natural history. Students create paper cutouts of the spider and place them on leaves to observe blending. objectives, materials, and procedure.

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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desmond 🇺🇸

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Partnerships for Reform throug h Investigative Science and Math
Happy Face Spider
1
Concepts
Camouflage
HCPS III Benchmarks
SC. 1.4.1
SC. 1.5.2
Duration
1 hour
Source Material
PRISM
Ohia Project- Put On A
Happy Face!
Vocabulary
Spider
Camouflage
Environment
Predator
Happy Face Spider
Summary
Students create their own paper cutouts of the happy face spider.
They place the spider on leaves with different colors, and discuss the
functions of the “happy face” patterns on their spiders.
Objectives
• Students will be able to describe natural history facts about the
happy face spider.
• Students will be able to explain how this spider camouflages
itself with the patterns on the body.
Materials
(Per student)
Coloring materials
Glue
Scotch tape
Scissor
The templates for spider and leaf
3 to 4 real leaves (1 set/group)
Color pictures of happy face spider (pgs. 9-11; for the whole class)
Color pictures of colored leaves (pgs. 5-6; for the whole class)
Making Connections
Students may relate to camouflaging when they need to hide and be
inconspicuous. We used to play hide-and-seek during summer camp.
After dinner we all gathered and played in the open field. When it
was my turn to hide, I would curl up in a ball and stay still. In the
dark, my silhouette looked like a rock in the field. Many times
people walked pass without noticing me right next to them.
Teacher Prep for Activity
Print out the happy face spider and leaves templates from
supplemental materials for each student. Collect 3 to 4 real leaves for
each group of students.
Background
The happy face spider, nananana makaki’i (in Hawaiian), is one of
the 132+ native spider species in Hawai’i. Most of the spiders got to
Hawai’i by ballooning, a method of dispersal when a spider is carried
by wind on a strand of web. Ever since the ancestor spiders arrived
the Hawaiian Islands, they established territories and many species
have adapted to their specific environment. For example, some
researchers believe that the patterns on the happy face spider were
developed to avoid predators. The patterns of happy face spiders
NATIVE ANIMALS
IN AN AHUPUA’A
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

Partial preview of the text

Download Happy Face Spider: A Camouflage Study for Students and more Study notes Natural History in PDF only on Docsity!

Happy Face Spider Concepts Camouflage HCPS III Benchmarks SC. 1.4. SC. 1.5. Duration 1 hour Source Material PRISM Ohia Project- Put On A Happy Face! Vocabulary Spider Camouflage Environment Predator

Happy Face Spider

Summary

Students create their own paper cutouts of the happy face spider. They place the spider on leaves with different colors, and discuss the functions of the “happy face” patterns on their spiders.

Objectives

  • Students will be able to describe natural history facts about the happy face spider.
  • Students will be able to explain how this spider camouflages itself with the patterns on the body.

Materials

(Per student) Coloring materials Glue Scotch tape Scissor The templates for spider and leaf 3 to 4 real leaves (1 set/group) Color pictures of happy face spider (pgs. 9-11; for the whole class) Color pictures of colored leaves (pgs. 5-6; for the whole class)

Making Connections

Students may relate to camouflaging when they need to hide and be inconspicuous. We used to play hide-and-seek during summer camp. After dinner we all gathered and played in the open field. When it was my turn to hide, I would curl up in a ball and stay still. In the dark, my silhouette looked like a rock in the field. Many times people walked pass without noticing me right next to them.

Teacher Prep for Activity

Print out the happy face spider and leaves templates from supplemental materials for each student. Collect 3 to 4 real leaves for each group of students.

Background

The happy face spider, nananana makaki’i (in Hawaiian), is one of the 132+ native spider species in Hawai’i. Most of the spiders got to Hawai’i by ballooning, a method of dispersal when a spider is carried by wind on a strand of web. Ever since the ancestor spiders arrived the Hawaiian Islands, they established territories and many species have adapted to their specific environment. For example, some researchers believe that the patterns on the happy face spider were developed to avoid predators. The patterns of happy face spiders

NATIVE ANIMALS

IN AN AHUPUA’A

Happy Face Spider may resemble the rust spots on the underside of a leaf, where they mainly live. Found only on islands of Oahu, Molokai, Maui and Hawai’i, the happy face spider is very small and elusive. They are about half an inch big, including the length of their legs. During the day they hide in the vegetation and only come out to hunt insects at night. Happy face spiders are also known to guard their eggs and care for their young (see pictures in Supplemental Materials). Since their discovery in the early 1900’s, little study has been done on them until the 1970’s. Still, researchers and natural resources managers have very limited knowledge on the happy face spider, mainly due to their nocturnal (active at night) behaviors. To conserve this group of native spiders, more studies on the life history, habitat requirement, and biology are needed in the future.

Vocabulary Explained

Spider is a group of predatory invertebrate (animals without spine) animals that are related to insects (but spiders are not insects). Camouflage means hiding in disguise. Environment is everything that surrounds us. Predators catch and eat other animals.

Procedure

  1. Introduce vocabulary.
  2. Divide the class into pairs. Give each group of students 3 or 4 real leaves. Have them observe carefully the patterns of the veins and color spots. Ask students to discuss with their partners if all the leaves looked the same. If not, what were the differences?
  3. Show students an example of the enlarged leaf (see pgs. 5-6) and ask what kind of animal would live on a leaf. And what would such animal look like. Have them discuss with their partners.
  4. Show the class a picture of a happy face spider (see pgs. 9-11) and ask students if they recognize it. Point out some features on the spider (eyes, mouth, body and legs). Tell students that happy face spiders are small (half an inch) animals that live on the underside of the leaves.
  5. Tell students that the “happy face” is the natural pattern on the spider’s back. Show students pictures of different types of pattern (see pg. 11). Ask students what they think the pattern is for. Have them discuss with their partner.
  6. Tell students that they are going to make their own happy face spider. Distribute the templates for spider and the leaves to each group. Each student gets a spider and two sides of a leaf.
  7. Instruct the class to color both sides of the leaf and glue two sides together. Then instruct the class to color the spider according to its natural color and cut the spider out along the dotted line.
  8. After students completed their spiders and leaves, have them place their spiders on the leaves to see how the spiders blend in with the leaves. Encourage students to place the spiders on different leaves and different side of the leaves. Ask them to discuss how their spiders blend with different types of background.
  9. Gather the class and discuss as a group:
    • How does the happy face pattern help the spider hide under the leaves?
    • Why do happy face spiders need to hide?
    • What are the spiders hiding from?

Happy Face Spider

  1. Color the spider yellowish green or light green and cut it out along the dotted line. Color the space around the spider in green (color that is similar to a leaf) An example of a completed happy face spider

Example

Happy Face Spider Leaf # Underside Topside

Happy Face Spider Leaf template: Underside

Happy Face Spider Leaf template: Topside

Happy Face Spider Photo by Darlyne Murawski (http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photos/best

  • pod
  • november
  • 07/spider
  • guardi ng eggs_pod_image.html)

Happy Face Spider Photos taken from “Aloha

-^

spider style.” Understanding Evolution. 2008. University of California Museum of Paleontology. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/_0_0/happyface_03.