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GXMO EXAM (ACTUAL EXAM) WITH
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Proper storage of radigraphic film is____% humidity - ANSWERS-40-60 %
The emission of light in intensifying screens is the principle of____ - ANSWERS- Fluorescence
The random interaction of x-rays with screens is_____ - ANSWERS-Quantum Mottle
Intensifying screens with large crystals in thick active layers will___patient dose
Identify 1 precaution to utilize when cleaning and caring for intensifying screens: - ANSWERS-Follow manufactures recommendations
The greatest source of radiation expsoure on average to the US population is - ANSWERS-Natural Radiation
particles are composed of the He nucleus - ANSWERS-
"Hard x-rays posses____ frequency &____ wavelengths - ANSWERS-High/ Short
Ionizing radiation is located above___ on the electromagnetic spectrum - ANSWERS-UV
"Can Gramma really use Val's initial R" represents the order of the EMR spectrum. The word really represents........ - ANSWERS-Cosmic Gamma X-rays Ultraviolet Visible light Infrared radio
___ rays originate by disturbing electrons and ____ rays originate from the nucleus - ANSWERS-X, Gamma
X-rays can produce______and____ changes in the human body - ANSWERS- Chemical, Biologic
Identify 2 properties of X-rays - ANSWERS-Produces secondary & scatter radiation
Highly penetrating invisible rays
The process of electrification by rubbing objects together is - ANSWERS-Friction
Materials that inhibit the flow of electrons in a conductor are called - ANSWERS- Insulators
Identify 1 law of electrostatics: - ANSWERS-Unlike charges attract; like charges repel
The electrostatic force is____ proportional to the product of the charges - ANSWERS-Directly
Electromotive force is another term for - ANSWERS-Volt
An example of a___ circuit is when 1 Christmas tree bulb goes out, they all go out - ANSWERS-Series
______current involves the oscillation of electrons in opposite directions. - ANSWERS-Alternating
General x-ray tube circuits utilize___mA and__kV. - ANSWERS-300 mA 120kV
The___ is the negative terminal contained in the glass envelope of the x-ray tube. - ANSWERS-Cathode
Identify 1 method of prolonging x-ray tube life. - ANSWERS-Follow recommended warm up procedure
The__ focal spot is the surface on the anode that encounters the electron stream. - ANSWERS-Actual
An increase in kVp will____ the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam. - ANSWERS-Increase
The primary function of filtration is to eliminate___ wavelengths from the x-ray beam. - ANSWERS-Long
Total filtration in diagnostic x-ray tubes is equivalent to___ mm Al. - ANSWERS- 2.5 mm Al
The protective housing reduces leakage radiation to less than___mR/hr. at 1m. - ANSWERS-100 mR/hr. at 1 m
AEC can be constructed with a photomultiplier tube or an____ chamber. - ANSWERS-Ionization
Exactness of anatomic structures within a useful density range describes_____. - ANSWERS-Radiographic Quality
Materials that do NOT allow x-rays to pass through are called - ANSWERS- Radiopaque
The most dense tissue in the human body is - ANSWERS-Tooth Enamel
Osteoporosis is considered/classified as a______ pathology - ANSWERS- Radiolucent
The body habitus of emaciated/extremely thin patients is described as - ANSWERS-Asthenic
The portion of the sensitmetric/H & D/characteristic curve that contains the blackest density is - ANSWERS-D max
The useful diagnostic range for image interpretation is___ to___ - ANSWERS-. to 2.0-2.
Radiographic images possessing many shades of gray are described as_____scale. - ANSWERS-Long Scale
Radiographic contrast is created/composed by both_____ and____ - ANSWERS- high or short scale and low or long scale
High or short scale contrast is produced by using____kVp. - ANSWERS-Low kVp
Processing solutions that are too hot or incorrect will produce images with____scale contrast - ANSWERS-Long scale
patients with high atomic numbers and high mass density will produce images with____scale contrast - ANSWERS-Long scale
The single-most important exposure factor that controls contrast & penetration of the part is____ - ANSWERS-kVp
Increasing kilovoltage will result in___fog due to increased scatter. - ANSWERS- Increasing
The film property that allows us to make minor errors with technique is called_____ - ANSWERS-Wide/Narrow Latitude
The optimal kVp range for small extremities is___ & AP & lateral vertebral column____ - ANSWERS-small extremities 50-60/ lateral vertebra 80-
______ filtration represents the attenuation/ absorption by the window of the x-ray tube. - ANSWERS-Compensatory
Identify 2 immobilization techniques commonly used in radiography - ANSWERS-Sandbags / Short exposure time
Identify 1 communication skill to use with our patients - ANSWERS-Adjust your vocabulary
Technical errors will create____distortion - ANSWERS-Non-Productive
Distortion can be created by the misalignment of eiether the (3 items) - ANSWERS-CR, Part,IR
The process of increasing the size of an object to improve diagnostic quality is called - ANSWERS-Productive Distortion
4 factors of radiographic quilty are ____in unit 3; ___in Unit 4;_____and____in Unit 5 - ANSWERS-Density / Contrast/ Detail / Distortion
The primary function of a grid is to - ANSWERS-Clean up scatter radiation
A____ grid has canted lead strips. - ANSWERS-Focused
______describes the ratio of transmitted primary to secondary radiation through the grid - ANSWERS-Grid Selectivity
The height of the grid strips divided by width of the interspace defines grid____
Identify 1 problem using a grid that will result in poor image quality - ANSWERS- Off level Error
Improper use of grids will produce radiographic images demonstrating______ - ANSWERS-Grid Cut Off
Identify 1 factor to consider when using a grid correctly - ANSWERS-X-ray beam must be centered to the grid
A 10/12:1 grid ratio requires__x more exposure than non-grid - ANSWERS-
When converting from non-grid techniques to grid exposure correction, you must______ - ANSWERS-Multiply by the conversion
Identify 1 application/reason to use grid: - ANSWERS-Use to minimize scatter/secondary radiation and optimize diagnostic information
Patient doses always goes up when___ ratio grids are used - ANSWERS-Higher
Identify 1 function of fixing solution: - ANSWERS-Remove unexposed silver halide crystals from the emulsion
Describe 1 method to preserve the developer strength: - ANSWERS-Do not run the processor for prolonged periods when not in use
Any undesirable density on a radiographic image is called - ANSWERS-Artifacts
The purpose of replenishment in the automatic processor is to_____ - ANSWERS-Measure and replace chemistry to prevent exhaustion
Dirt or chemical stains on rollers may produce and artifact described as____lines
A____ effect occurs many months or years after the initial radiation exposure. - ANSWERS-Delayed/ Late
The most prevalent atom in the human body is______ - ANSWERS-Hydrogen
The most radiosensitive macromolecule subject to radiation damage is_____ - ANSWERS-DNA
_____act as enzymes,hormones, & antibodies. - ANSWERS-Proteins
The double helix structure describes___ located in the ____ of the cell. - ANSWERS-DNA / Nucleus
Genetic change is the result of a radiation interaction called ___ ____ - ANSWERS-Point Mutation
A_____direct effect occurs when the ionizing radiation hits the target molecule.
Breakage of the thread or backbone of a macromolecule is called ____ _____ ____ - ANSWERS-Main Chain Scission
Identify 1 observation effect of radiation insults to the DNA molecule: - ANSWERS-Cell Death
_____ are organelles that produce energy. - ANSWERS-Mitochondria
Somatic cells divide by____; Sex cells undergo______. - ANSWERS-Mitosis / Meiosis
____ phase is the replication of parent DNA into 2 daughter DNA molecules - ANSWERS-S phase
