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Instructions for writing reports on assignments executed in the Telecommunication Engineering department at the University of Twente. It covers the structure, typographical details, and linguistic usage of the report. The report should include a title page, contents, list of abbreviations and symbols, body, conclusions and recommendations, references, and appendices.
Typology: Exams
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TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITYOF TWENTE
University of Twente Department of Electrical Engineering Chair for Telecommunication Engineering
by
A.B.C. Surname
Master thesis/Bachelor thesis Executed from ... to ...
Supervisor: prof.dr.ir. S.I.K. Bok Advisers: dr.ir. W.E.E.T. Veel ir. Z.W. Etser
iv Summary
The report should comprise the following parts in the given order:
The list of abbreviations and symbols, and the appendices do not always make sense and thus can sometimes be omitted. The other parts should always be present in the report. This manual and the logos on the title page can be downloaded from the Internet via the education page of the chair’s web-site.
The lay-out of the title page has to look like the title page of this manual. The title of the report should be as concise as possible on one hand and on the other hand it should nevertheless reflect the main subject of the assignment.
1
2 Chapter 1. Parts of the report
The summary takes one half to an entire page to briefly describe the contents of the report. It deals with the problem statement, used solution method, results and con- clusions. The reader should be able to get insight in the essentials of the report. The summary should not comprise any abbreviation or reference. Neither is it allowed to use terms that are defined in the report and that are not generally accepted.
The titles of chapters, sections and subsections should be concise so that the contents serves as a guide to retrieve a specific part of the report where the reader is interested in. Use the facilities of LATEX or WORD to automatically generate the contents; this avoids making errors.
Such a list is only useful if many abbreviations and symbols are used in the report. The list presents the used symbols in alphabetic order where symbols in lower case come first, followed by upper case symbols and Greek symbols, respectively. So the order is: a, A, b, B, c, C,... z, Z, α, A, β, B, γ, Γ,... , ω, Ω. Produce a separate list for the abbreviations and use the same order. When an abbreviation is used for the first time in the report then this abbreviation should be put in between parenthesis after having written the full text, e.g. “Coherence Multiplexing (CM) is used as ...”
The introduction comprises the problem statement or aim of the assignment and a short overview of the relation with other work, or what has already been done before. Next the contents is briefly sketched. The introduction is the first chapter of the report.
This part should clearly reflect the specific achievements of the assignment. Results and extensive theoretical derivations of other authors should only be referenced as far as it is of importance for the problem at hand. Don’t make this part too long. Try to keep it within approx. 50 pages. The level has to be such that each master student is able to understand. Keep in mind that the report is not written for the adviser
4 Chapter 1. Parts of the report
As far as the typographical issues of the report are concerned there are two options, both on A-4 paper format. The chair prefers the use of LATEX as word-processor. A style-file for that is available from the group’s WEB. Using this style file, the re- port automatically satisfies the lay-out and typographical requirements (such as fonts, headings of chapters and (sub)sections, margins, and the numbering of pages, chapters, equations, figures and tables, etc.) as prescribed in this guide. As an alternative the report may also be prepared using WORD. In that case use font Times New Roman, font size 12 pt. Set the line spacing to 1.2, left and right margins to 2.5 cm, top and bottom margins to 2.3 cm. A nice result is obtained if in the ’Page setup’ a gutter of 1 cm is inserted, where this value is alternating set to the left (odd pages) and right (even pages). The alternating gutter is based on the custom that odd pages are on the right and even pages on the left. A new chapter always starts on an odd page; if needed insert a blank page for that at the end of the preceding chapter. Odd page numbering at the right of the page and even page numbering at the left. The first page of Chapter 1 starts with page number 1. All preceding pages are numbered using Roman numerals for page numbering.
As far as the typographical issues are concerned this guide serves as a model for the report.
The subdivision in chapters is indicated by numbering the chapters by means of Arabic numerals. The lay-out should be as in this guide. For the chapter header use Helvetica font upper case bold, font size 14 pt. Around the headers a little bit more white space has to be produced as in this guide.
5
2.6. Equations 7
Example of a table.
Table 2.1: The transfer function H(f ) f H(f ) kHz Ω
Example of a figure.
LPF channel S LPF
noise
x t ( ) x t r( ) x t r ( )+ n (^) d( ) t S r S (^) d + N d
G (^) n ( )= f N 0 /
Figure 2.1: Model of a baseband communication system
Figures should preferably be prepared using Coreldraw and exported as .EPS file. Use this latter format to insert the figure into the report. Simulations to be executed in MATLAB and the resulting graphs exported and inserted as .EPS file.
Equations are continuously numbered. The equation number is put between parenthe- ses and flushed right. Use the facilities of the word processor to automatically generate the equation numbering. All variables have to be defined in the text or by means of def- inition equations. Variables and function names are typeset in “italic” (e.g. f (x)), also when they are used somewhere in between the text. Equations should be surrounded by some extra white space with respect to the text. Use the following mathematical symbols in formulas and equations:
≈ approximately equal to;
∝ proportional to;
6 = unequal;
=^4 definition equation.
8 Chapter 2. Typographical details of the report
In next situations “roman” font is used:
Examples of equations:
y = ax^2 + bx + c, for x < 2 (2.1)
u 2 = 5!^1
∫ (^) π
−π
ax^2 + sin(x) + log(x)
dx (2.2)
Citations are indicated in the text by putting the number of the corresponding reference from the reference list in between square brackets, for example “... as has been shown in [1].” In the reference list the reference number is also put in between square brackets. The order of this list should be the order as they appear in the text. In case the reference is a book then the reference list item starts with the initials of the author(s) followed by his/her/their family name(s). After a comma give a carriage return; on the new line is the book title in italic and eventually the edition. Then at another new line the name of the publisher, a comma and the year when the book was published. As an example: see reference [1]. In case you refer to a specific result or equation mention the page where this can be found in the following way “ ... see [1, p. 137].” In case of referring to a paper start with the initials of the author(s) followed by his/her/their family name(s). After a comma give a carriage return; on the new line is the paper title in between quotation marks, followed by a comma. On the next new line is the title of the journal in italic, a comma, number of the volume, month or
10 Chapter 2. Typographical details of the report
When writing the report avoid spelling, linguistic and typing errors. Use a spell checker before finalizing the report and read carefully the final version or even better ask a friend to read it for these checks. Use only official spelling and in case of doubt have a look in a dictionary [4, 5].
In a report you should omit the word “I” but use “we” or “one”. Don’t produce long sentences. Short sentences are easier to read. Avoid the use of many clauses and double denials, they cause confusion. Make a proper use of punctuation marks [4]. For a guide on a proper writing style see [6]. If the writing styles in those references differ from the one prescribed here, this guide prevails.
[1] S. Haykin, An Introduction to Analog and Digital Communication Systems, Wiley, 1989.
[2] W. van Etten, “Maximum Likelihood Receiver for Multiple Channel Transmission Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. COM-24, no.2, pp. 276-283, 1976.
[3] T.E. Darcie, A. Moye, P.F. Driessen, J.D. Bull, H. Kato, N.A.F. Jaeger, “Noise reduction in class-AB microwave-photonic links”, International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics MWP 2005, Seoul, South Korea, October 12-14, 2005, pp. 329-332.
[4] Webster’s Desk Dictionary of the English Language, Gramercy Books, 1983.
[5] J.A. Simpson and E.S.C. Weiner, The Oxford English Dictionary, second edition Clarendon Press, 1989.
[6] D. Beer, Writing and Speaking in the Technology Profession, IEEE Press, 1992.
