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The relationship between inequality and education, specifically focusing on the gini index and the 20/20 ratio. The study reveals that there is a close relationship between the two, with each ten-point increase in the gini index roughly doubling the 20/20 ratio. The document also examines the impact of inequality on public expenditure on education, expected years of schooling for girls, and secondary-school enrolment.
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y = -0.0799x + 2. R 2 = 0.
0
2
4
6
0 20 40 60 80
Gini index
Per capita growth 1965-98, adjusted for initial income
(% per year)
An increase in Gini index by 12 points goes along with a decrease in per capita growth by almost 1% per year
r = -0.
Sweden
Thailand
CentralAfrican Republic
South Africa
France
Brazil
No discernible sign that equality stands in the way of economic growth
Korea
Lesotho
r = rank correlation
Gini = 25 ⇒ ratio = 3 (Nordic countries) Gini = 30 ⇒ ratio = 4 (Germany) Gini = 35 ⇒ ratio = 6 (Britain) Gini = 40 ⇒ ratio = 8 (US, China, Russia) Gini = 50 ⇒ ratio = 15 (Nigeria) Gini = 60 ⇒ ratio = 26 (Brazil) Relationship between inequality and growth also holds for rich and poor separately
Gini = 25 ⇒ ratio = 3 (Nordic countries) Gini = 30 ⇒ ratio = 4 (Germany, Greece) Gini = 35 ⇒ ratio = 6 (Britain) Gini = 40 ⇒ ratio = 8 (US, China, Russia) Gini = 50 ⇒ ratio = 15 (Nigeria) Gini = 60 ⇒ ratio = 26 (Brazil)
Each ten-point increase in the Gini index roughly doubles the 20/20 ratio Docsity.com
Gini = 25 ⇒ ratio = 3 (Nordic countries) Gini = 30 ⇒ ratio = 4 (Germany, Greece) Gini = 35 ⇒ ratio = 6 (Britain) Gini = 40 ⇒ ratio = 8 (US, China, Russia) Gini = 50 ⇒ ratio = 15 (Nigeria) Gini = 60 ⇒ ratio = 26 (Brazil)
Each ten-point increase in the Gini index roughly doubles the 20/20 ratio Docsity.com
Gini = 25 ⇒ ratio = 3 (Nordic countries) Gini = 30 ⇒ ratio = 4 (Germany, Greece) Gini = 35 ⇒ ratio = 6 (Britain) Gini = 40 ⇒ ratio = 8 (US, China, Russia) Gini = 50 ⇒ ratio = 15 (Nigeria) Gini = 60 ⇒ ratio = 26 (Brazil)
Each ten-point increase in the Gini index roughly doubles the 20/20 ratio Docsity.com
y = 16,507Ln(x) + 5, R 2 = 0,
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 20/20 ratio
Gini coefficient
y = -2.3106x + 51. R^2 = 0. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 2 4 6 8 10 Public expenditure on education 1980-97 (% of GNP)
Gini coefficient An increase in public expenditure on education by 1% of GNP is associated with a 2. point decrease in Gini.
r = -0.
74 countries
y = -0.8641x + 49. R 2 = 0. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 5 10 15 20 Years of schooling for fem ales 1980-
Gini coefficient^ An increase by oneyear in the schooling that girls can expect is associated with a decrease of almost one point on the Gini scale.
r = -0.
46 countries
y = 0.2576x - 3. R^2 = 0.
0
2
4
6
0 5 10 15 20
Years of schooling for females 1980-97 (ár)
Per capita economic growth 1965-98, adjusted for
initial income (% per year)
49 countries
r = 0.
An increase by four years in the schooling that girls can expect is associated with an increase in per capita growth by 1% per year.
y = 0.0407x - 3. R^2 = 0.
0
2
4
6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Secondary-school enrolment 1980-97 (% af árgangi)
Per capita economic growth 1965-98, adjusted for
initial income (% per year) An 25 point increase in secondary-school enrolment goes along with an increase in per capita growth by 1% per year. 87 countries
r = 0.
0
2
4
6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Secondary-school enrolment 1980-97 (% of cohort)
Per capita economic growth 1965-98, adjusted
for initial income (% per year)
Thailand Japan Finland
Ghana^ Jamaica Positive but diminishing returns to education
An 25 point increase in secondary-school enrolment goes along with an increase in per capita growth by 1% per year.
r = 0.
Growth
Inequality
Growth
Education
Inequality
Education
Growth
Education
Growth
Inequality
Education
Inequality
