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Material Type: Assignment; Professor: Pratte; Class: ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT; Subject: Physical Science; University: Arkansas State University; Term: Unknown 2006;
Typology: Assignments
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Activity Sheet Ground-level Ozone Name: Tailpipe Tally: Enter your vehicle’s year, make, model, emissions certification, and annual mileage below. Year Make Model Emissions Cert. Annual Mileage Enter your annual outputs of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons for your vehicle in the space below. Then use Tailpipe Tally to look up the emissions from the two listed vehicles with the same annual mileage as your vehicle. Enter the emissions for each vehicle in the appropriate space, circle whether each vehicle’s emissions are higher or lower than your vehicle, and enter the difference in emissions next to Amount. Vehicle NOx (lbs.) Hydrocarbons (lbs.) Difference: NOx Difference: Hydrocarbons Your Vehicle ***** ***** 2006 Ford Focus (LEV) Higher Lower Amount: Higher Lower Amount: 2006 Toyota Prius (SULEV) Higher Lower Amount: Higher Lower Amount: Analysis: Vehicle Emissions: The Ford Focus is a compact car and the Toyota Prius is a gas-electric hybrid vehicle, and these vehicles provide a means for comparison of your current vehicle’s emissions. Compare your vehicle to the latest year’s model of these vehicles. How did your vehicle compare? Did this surprise you? Ground-level Ozone: Your Vehicle 1
Asthma and Air Pollution: You’ve seen that asthma affects large numbers of individuals, attacks can be induced by air pollutants, pollution may act to cause individuals to develop the disease, and asthma attacks are an extremely unpleasant event to endure. You’ve also likely seen that your current vehicle emits more ozone-forming compounds than a gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle (Toyota Prius) and/or a typical compact car (Ford Focus). So here’s the problem - you are, by choice, releasing more harmful pollutants into the atmosphere than if you were to drive these other vehicles for exactly the same distance. These pollutants induce attacks in asthmatics, and may cause children and adults to develop asthma as a result of exposure to your pollution. Is it morally problematic for you to drive a vehicle that gets lower mileage (and hence releases more pollutants) than another vehicle when you are aware of the adverse impacts of your choice on others? You should address the question from a variety of viewpoints (ethical, scientific, philosophical, economic, etc). Think about the question carefully before answering, and be sure to explain yourself fully. Vehicle Emissions Testing: In many areas, vehicles must have annual emissions testing for ozone-forming compounds. Such programs are designed to improve air quality by identifying those vehicles emitting large amounts of ozone precursors. Do you support such testing programs? Has your view on the matter changed after completing this exercise? Explain your answer. Ground-level Ozone: Your Vehicle 2