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Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game
Archaic Greek ceramic amphora (picture/vase) made by Exekias glazed in black-figure painting Narrative of the Trojan battle the day before Achilles was killed -shows close friends, seated on stools, with weapons and armor close by, as they play a game of dice TERM 2
Geometric
Period
DEFINITION 2 Geometric art is a phase of Greek art that flourished from 1100 BC to 700 BC, characterized largely by geometric shapes in vase painting. art depicted daily life, wars, gods, and heroes very abstract and geometric painted with black glaze with distinct bands or registers imparted order into the chaotic world the Greeks encountered in reality TERM 3
Funerary Krater
DEFINITION 3 From the Greek Geometric period (750-700 BCE) was a detail pictorial record of funeral rituals. scenes from daily life, gods, wars and heros The top register (bands that circle the storage container) depicts a funeral and cremation Found in the Dipylon cemetary earliest form of black figure TERM 4
black figure
DEFINITION 4 the technique of ancient Greek potters in which black figures are painted on a red clay ground, with details being engraved in later TERM 5
red figure
DEFINITION 5 Red-figure vase painting is one of the most important styles of figural Greek vase painting. It developed in Athens around 520 B.C and is characterized by the figures being clay colored (or blank) and the background glazed black with details drawn in, not engraved as in black-figure
archaic period
went from 600-480 BCE derives its name not from old fashioned or antiquated but to contrast the undeveloped art during this time with that of the Classic period city states emerge around 800 BCE and economy flourished with famous works of art, theater, philosophy, and literacy emerging as well as the beginnings of democracy TERM 7
archaic smile
DEFINITION 7 The Archaic smile was used by Greek Archaic sculptors possibly to suggest that their subject was alive, and infused with a sense of well-being. The curved lips usually interpreted as a way of animating facial features. TERM 8
Three orders of
temples
DEFINITION 8 Doric Order, Ionic Order, and Corinthian Order TERM 9
capital
DEFINITION 9 the sculpted block that tops a column Doric order has flared column Ionic order has curled volute capital Corinthian order has a leaf and floral capital TERM 10
cella
DEFINITION 10 the inner room of a Greek temple where the cult statue of the god or goddess was usually housed, usually only the priest was allowed in this space
Pediments
Classical architectural element consisting of a triangular gable found over major architectural elements such as windows and doors, typically supported by columns.Examples of pediment sculptures include the Dying Warriors from the Temple of Aphaia (500 BCE Archaic Period) TERM 17
Peristyle
DEFINITION 17 a surrounding colonnade, a peristyle building is surrounded on the exterior by a row of columns, supporting a straight lintel (in this case the entablature and gable) TERM 18
Color in Greek Sculpture
DEFINITION 18 Although we are used to seeing Greek statues made from white marble or clay, most of the statues at one point in time were brightly and vividly painted TERM 19
Kouros
DEFINITION 19 Greek for "young man" was a type of male statue in archaic Greece, with curled hair, one leg slightly in front of the other, standing rigidly upright, arms at side, with hands in fist. Had an archaic smile and large, empty eyes TERM 20
Kore
DEFINITION 20 early Archaic sculpture Greek for "young maiden" woman clothed in drapery that mask her abstracted body archaic smile and curled hair this one was missing a hand that would have been reached out, possibly holding a bowl for offerings or an attribute that provided the key to her identity
Palace Complex, Knossos, Crete 1900-
1459BCE
created using post-and-lintel architecture paved central court gathering place city had ~50,000 people not fortified, very open central court surrounded by workshop and store rooms Throne room throne made of stone, room filled with fresco paintings, stone benches lined walls Royal apartments had indoor plumbing, paintings of nature, king and queens room TERM 22
fresco
DEFINITION 22 a technique of mural painting made by applying pigment to wet lime plaster to form a permanent bond TERM 23
Bull Leaping
Fresco
DEFINITION 23 Bronze Age Aegean period FROM CRETE! Bulls were a large part of Cretan art dues to the minotaur legend woman portrayed with lighter skin figures wore books, skirts, and long ropey hair geometric patterns on side lots of movement and the beginning of naturalism TERM 24
Minoan
DEFINITION 24 wealthy, powerful, sea faring Bronze Age culture that flourished on the island of Crete from 1950-14500 BCE derives it's name from King Minos paintings and artworks found all over Mediterranean and Egypt TERM 25
Lion Gate
DEFINITION 25 from the Helladic Age, 1250 BCE the relief sculpture of two lionesses atop a corbel arch at the main entrance of the Bronze Age city of Mycenae
Parthenon
The Parthenon is a temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the patron goddess Athena built between 447-432 BCE Doric temple with walls of cella a long ionic frieze was the physical embodiment of Athena's riches and ideals employed Entasis which is the slight curving of the columns conforming to the earth surface to create the optical illusion of being straight from far away has huge pediment sculptures done by Phidas which showed the Birth of Athena and the Battle of Athena TERM 32
Kallikrates
DEFINITION 32 Classical Greek architect who helped design the Parthenon and the Ionic Temple of Athena Nike TERM 33
Iktinos
DEFINITION 33 One of the lead architects commissioned to design the ParthenonWrote a book on the proportions of the Parthenon TERM 34
Phases of Greek Art
DEFINITION 34 Geometric (900-700 BCE) Orientlizing (700-600BCE) Archaic (600-480 BCE) Early Classical (480-450 BCE) Combined Classical Period High Classical (450-400 BCE) (480-400 BCE) Late Classical (400-323 BCE) Hellenistic (323-30BCE) TERM 35
Doryphorus (the spear-
bearer)
DEFINITION 35 carved by Polykleitos in 450-440 BCE the original was made from bronze that was later melted down one of the best known Greek sculptures of the classical era early example of Greek classical contrapposto Followed Polykleitos' tretus "The Cannon" that states a perfect body followed the rule of 1:7 head to body ratio exemplified idealism and realism though muscle and bone structure, use of contrapposto, veins in arms, generic face and depiction of a strong warrior
Praxiteles
Most famous Late Classical Athenian sculptureCommissioned to make a sculpture of Aphrodite for the city of Knidos TERM 37
Aphrodite of Knidos
DEFINITION 37 The Aphrodite of Knidos was one of the most famous works of the ancient Greek sculptor Praxiteles of Athens sculpted in 350 BCE from marble many copies were made by the RomansFirst sculpture of a nude woman in ancient Greecethe remaining copy has had it's head, arms, and legs recreated TERM 38
Examples of Bronze Age Art
DEFINITION 38 Minoan Palace ComplexBull Leaping frescoLion Gate at MycenaeTholos Tomb at Mycenae TERM 39
Examples of Geometric Period
Art
DEFINITION 39 Funerary Krater TERM 40
Examples of Archaic
Art
DEFINITION 40 Dying Warrior and ArcherKourosKoreAjax and Achilles Playing a GameRed Figure and Black Figure
Portrait Head of an Elder
C. 50 BCE
unlike the Classical period that tried to depict perfection, Romans begin to have an interest in preserving heir likenesses for future generations celebrated hallmarks of advanced age and distinguishing individualism highly realistic, usually of elders of the family TERM 47
Typical Roman Temple
DEFINITION 47 One large cella with engaged (set into wall) Corinthian columnsSet on a platform with a "porch" area and stairsusually had a continuous frieze entablature TERM 48
The Tomb of Hunting and Fishing
DEFINITION 48 series of tombs overflowing with Etruscan art: Reclining couple on a sarcophagus (book cover) Diver seen swimming to the bottom of lake Boys Climbing rocks and diving men hunting and fishing TERM 49
Augustus of Prima Porta
DEFINITION 49 First century Romans sculpture of Augustus Octavian Caesar (Julius Caesar's nephew/adopted son) the first Augustus (emperor) of Roman found in Prima Porta in 1863 Breast plate has a relief sculpture of huge battle skirt is that of what Roman Generals would wear Statue made when he was old man but face is tht of eternal youth and health child hanging from him is cupid depicting Julius Caesar's claim to be a descendant of Venus (Aphrodite) TERM 50
Pompeii
DEFINITION 50 city near Naples that was covered in ash after Mt. Visuvious erupted in 79 CE Originally a miniature Rome with 10,000 citizens had forum, gym, basilica, baths, theater, amphitheater (arena), brothels, and "take out" restaurants Was uncovered in the 1700s
Roman Vaulting
Round arches displace most of their weight along the curving sides TERM 52
Typical Roman House
DEFINITION 52 House of the Silver Wedding in Pompeii had very open style houses built close together so no side windows because of privacy so in order to gain sun light and fresh air the roofs had openings rain would gather in pools in the peristyle court to bathe and cook with rooms ran along inner walls TERM 53
Initiation Rites of the cult of Bacchus
DEFINITION 53 Roman period mural in the Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii 60- BCE picture vague and modern viewers are unsure of what is happening (hence the name the villa of mysteries) Women dancing, serving food, playing music, and being whipped think it may have depicted a female ritual from a "secret" women's group called a cult because it dealt with religion and what happened during meetings was kept secret to all but those who were members TERM 54
Pantheon, Rome
DEFINITION 54 one of the best preserved Roman Temples 118- believed to be designed by Emperor Hadrian First true dome in Roman architecture, it is 142 foot in diameter, a perfect circle inside a perfect square walls 30 ft thick act as a buttress to relieve the weight recessed areas or coffers in the rotunda dome removes some of the weight while also being aesthetically pleasing upper area of dome made with volcanic stone which is more light weight, as well as hollow pottery that was mixed into the cement ocolus hole in top of dome also relieved weight TERM 55
forum
DEFINITION 55 A public square that sat at the center of most Roman cities. Usually used as a marketplace surrounded by several important ancient government buildings including administrative buildings and areas for gathering citizens
Colosseum, Rome
The Colosseum, or Amphitheatrum Flavium, is the largest amphitheatre in the world, built of concrete and stone by the Roman Empire 70-80 BCE Seated 50,000 people, with 80 exits. Would still be standing complete but for the Churches deconstruction of the theater Built of cement and covered with marble with barrel vault arches that distribute the weight of the massive amounts of concrete and bricks from above TERM 62
concrete
DEFINITION 62 made by the Romans from lime, sand, water, and rubble TERM 63
contrapposto
DEFINITION 63 Italian term meaning counterpose or "set against" used to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs setting parts of the body in opposition to each other around the center axis
