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GRE 2021-2022 Vocabulary 600 words
Vocabulary Words Practice test 2
questions well solved
Qs Ablation - n Ans✔ A surgically induced brain lesion. Qs Absolute refractory period - n Ans✔ The period that follows the onset of an action potential. During this period, a nerve impulse cannot be initiated Qs Absolute threshold - n Ans✔ The minimum of stimulus energy needed to activate a sensory system. Qs Accommodation - n Ans✔ A principle of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. It occurs when cognitive structures are modified because new information or new experiences do not fit into existing cognitive structures.
Qs Acetylcholine - n Ans✔ A neurotransmitter found in both central and peripheral nervous systems linked to Alzheimer's disease and used to transmit nerve impulses to the muscles, respectively. Qs Acrophobia - n Ans✔ A specific phobia that is an irrational fear of heights. Qs ACT model (Adaptive Control of Thought) - n Ans✔ A model that describes memory in terms of procedural and declarative memory. Qs Actor-observer effect - n Ans✔ The tendency of actors to see observer behavior as due to external factors (situational factors) and the tendency of observers to attribute actors' behaviors to internal characteristics (dispositional characteristics). Qs Adrenaline - n Ans✔
In psychometrics, it is the method of using two or more different forms of a test to determine the reliability of a particular test. Qs Altruism - n Ans✔ A form of helping behavior where the person's intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him- or herself. Qs Amnesia - n Ans✔ A dissociative disorder where individuals are unable to recall past experience, but this inability is not due to a neurological disorder. Qs Analogy of inoculation - n Ans✔ McGuire's analogy that people can be psychologically inoculated against the "attack" of persuasive communications by first exposing them to a weakened attack. Qs Analyses of Variance (anovas) - n Ans✔ A statistical method to compare the means of more than two groups by comparing the between-group variance to the within-group variance. Qs
Anchoring - n Ans✔ A cognitive term (a heuristic) that refers to the tendency of people to make decisions based on reference points, or standards used to make judgements. Qs Anima (animus) - n Ans✔ An archetype from Jung's theory referring to the feminine behaviors in males, and the masculine behaviors in females. Qs Anorexia nervosa - n Ans✔ An eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimal normal body weight. Qs Anterograde amnesia - n Ans✔ Memory loss for new information following brain injury. Qs Anti-social personality disorder - n Ans✔ A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others. Qs
Assimilation - n Ans✔ A principle of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. It is the process of understanding new information in relation to prior knowledge, or existing schemata. Qs Association area - n Ans✔ Areas in the brain that integrate information from different cortical regions Qs Atkinson-Shiffin model - n Ans✔ A model of memory that involves three memory structures (sensory, short-term and long- term), and the processes that operate these memory structures. Qs Attachment bond - n Ans✔ Evidence of a preference for the primary caregiver and a wariness of strangers. Qs Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/HD) - n Ans✔ A disorder characterized by developmentally atypical inattention and/or impulsivity- hyperactivity. Qs
Attribution theory - n Ans✔ Fritz Heider's theory that people tend to infer the causes of other people's behavior as either dispositional (related to the individual) or situational (related to the environment). Qs Authoritarian parenting style - n Ans✔ A parenting style tending to use punitive control methods and lacking emotional warmth. Qs Authoritative parenting style - n Ans✔ A parenting style tending to have reasonably high demands for child compliance coupled with emotional warmth. Qs Autism - n Ans✔ A disorder whose essential features are lack of responsiveness to other people, gross impairment in communication skills, and behaviors and interests that are repetitive, inflexibly routined and stereotyped. Qs Autokinetic effect - n Ans✔ An illusion that occurs when a spot of light appears to move erratically in a dark room, simply because there is no frame of reference.
A class of drugs that increase behavioral activity by increasing motor activity or by counteracting fatigue, and which are thought to stimulate receptors for dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Qs Békésy's traveling wave theory - n Ans✔ Proposed by Von Békésy, the theory holds that high frequency sounds maximally vibrate the basilar membrane near the beginning of the cochlea close to the oval window and low frequencies maximally vibrate near the apex, or tip of the cochlea. Qs Between-subjects design - n Ans✔ An experimental design whereby each subject is exposed to only one level of each independent variable. Qs Binocular disparity (stereopsis) - n Ans✔ A cue for depth perception that depends on the fact that the distance between the eyes provides two slightly disparate views of the world that, when combined, give us a perception of depth. Qs Bi-polar disorders - n Ans✔ A mood disorder characterized by both depression and mania.
Qs Boomerang effect - n Ans✔ In theories of attitude persuasion, it is an attitude change in the opposite direction of the persuader's message. Qs Borderline personality disorder - n Ans✔ A personality disorder characterized by an instability in interpersonal behavior, mood and self-image that borders on psychosis. Qs Bottom-up processing (data-driven processing) - n Ans✔ Information processing that occurs when objects are recognized by the summation of the components of incoming stimulus to arrive at the whole pattern. Qs Brightness - n Ans✔ The subjective impression of the intensity of a light stimulus. Qs Brightness contrast - n Ans✔ In brightness perception, it refers to a when a particular luminance appears brighter when surrounded by a darker stimulus than when surrounded by a lighter stimulus.
An experimental method used in developmental psychology to take a very detailed look at development by studying a small number of individuals. This is also called the clinical method. Qs Centration - n Ans✔ A term from Piaget's theory, it is the tendency for pre-operational children to be able to focus on only one aspect of a phenomenon. Qs Chi-square test - n Ans✔ A statistical method of testing for an association between two categorical variables. Specifically, it tests for the equality of two frequencies or proportions. Qs Chlorpromazine - n Ans✔ An anti-psychotic drug thought to block receptor sites for dopamine, making it effective in treating the delusional thinking, hallucinations and agitation commonly associated with schizophrenia. Qs Circadian rhythms - n Ans✔ Internally generated rhythms that regulate our daily cycle of waking and sleeping, approximating a 24-hour cycle.
Qs Classical conditioning - n Ans✔ Also known as respondent conditioning, it is a result of learning connections between different events. Qs Claustrophobia - n Ans✔ An irrational fear of closed places. Qs Client-centered therapy, person-centered therapy, and sometimes non-directive therapy - n Ans✔ Carl Rogers' therapeutic technique that is based on the idea that clients have the freedom to control their own behavior, and that the client is able to reflect upon his or her problems, make choices and take positive action. Qs Clustering - n Ans✔ A technique to enhance memory by organizing items into conceptually-related categories Qs Cognitive dissonance theory - n Ans✔
Ans✔ In classical conditioning, it is the learned response to a conditioned stimulus. Qs Conditioned stimulus - n Ans✔ In classical conditioning, it a neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. Qs Confounding variables - n Ans✔ Unintended independent variables Qs Connectionism - n Ans✔ Also called parallel distribution processing, it is a theory of information processing that is analogous to a complex neural network. Qs Consistency theories - n Ans✔ Theoretical perspectives from social psychology that hold that people prefer consistency between attitudes and behaviors, and that people will change or resist changing attitudes based upon this preference. Qs
Construct validity - n Ans✔ A type of validity that refers to how well a test measures the intended theoretical construct. Qs Content validity - n Ans✔ A type of validity that refers to how well the content items of a test measure the particular skill or knowledge area that it is supposed to measure. Qs Control group design - n Ans✔ A technique of treating experimental and control groups equally in all respects, except that one group is exposed to the treatment in the experiment, and the other group is not exposed to the treatment. Qs Conversion disorders - n Ans✔ Disorders characterized by unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions. Conversion disorder used to be referred to as "hysteria." Qs Correlation coefficients - n Ans✔ A type of descriptive statistic that measures to what extent, if any, two variables are related.
Ans✔ Proposed by Raymond Cattell, it is a type of intelligence that uses knowledge acquired as a result of schooling or other life experiences. Qs Cynophobia - n Ans✔ A specific phobia referring to an irrational fear of dogs. Qs Decay theory - n Ans✔ A theory that holds that if the information in long-term memory is not used or rehearsed it will eventually be forgotten. Qs Declarative memory - n Ans✔ Sometimes called fact memory, it is memory for explicit information. Qs Defense mechanisms - n Ans✔ In Freud's structural dynamic model of personality, they are unconscious mechanisms that deny, falsify or distort reality. Qs Delusions - n
Ans✔ False beliefs, discordant with reality, that are maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary. Qs Demand characteristics - n Ans✔ Cues that suggest to subjects what the researcher expects from research participants. Qs Dementia praecox - n Ans✔ The word literally means "split mind", and was used to refer to what is now known as schizophrenia. Qs Dementias - n Ans✔ A neurological disorder characterized by a loss in intellectual functioning. Qs Dependent variable - n Ans✔ A measurement of the response that is expected to vary with differences in the independent variable Qs Depersonalization disorder - n
