Graduate School of Medical Sciences at Cornell University Medical College, Study notes of Pathophysiology

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GRADUATE SCHOOL OF

MEDICAL SCIENCES

Cornell University Medical College

1300 York Avenue, New York 21, N .Y.

1958-1959 and 1959-

CONTENTS

• Graduate School of Medical Sciences - Officers of Administration and Faculty
  • Cornell University Medical College
    • Graduate School History
    • Facilities
      • The Medical College and the Sloan-Kettering Institute
    • Organization and Purpose of the Graduate School
    • Committee on Graduate Study
    • Admission
    • Registration
    • Major and Minor Subjects
    • Residence Requirements
    • Language Requirements
    • Examinations
    • Grades
    • Theses
    • Noncandidates
    • Expenses
    • Student Health Service
    • Summary of Regulations
  • Fields of Instruction
    • Instruction at the Medical College
      • Anatomy
        • Biochemistry
        • Microbiology and Immunology
        • Pathology
        • Pharmacology
        • Physiology and Biophysics
        • Public Health and Preventive Medicine
    • Instruction at the Sloan-Kettering Institute - Biochemistry - Biology and Growth - Biophysics - Pathology - Preventive Medicine
  • Register of Students

JOHN S. LAUGHLIN, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Biophysics, Sloan-Kettering Institute. WALSH McDERMOTT, B.A., M.D., Livingston Farrand Professor of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. JAMES M. NEILL. B.S.. Ph.D.. Sc.D., Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University Medical College. JOHN M. PEARCE, Ph.B., M.D., Professor of Pathology, Cornell University Medical College. FREDERICK S. PHILLIPS, B.A., Ph.D., Professor of Pharmacology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. ROBERT F. PITTS, B.S., Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, Cor nell University Medical College. CORNELIUS P. RHOADS, B.A., M.D., Sc.D., Professor of Pathology, Sloan Kettering Institute; Scientific Director. Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases. WALTER F. RIKER, B.S., M.D., Professor of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College. FRED W. STEWART, B.A., Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. C. CHESTER STOCK, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. GEORGE W. WOOLLEY. B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute.

ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS

RALPH K. BARCLAY, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. AARON BF.NDICH, B.S., Ph.D.. Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. ROY W. BONSNES, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. LIF.BE F. CAVALIERI, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. DONALD A. CLARKE, B.S., M.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. JOHN T. ELLIS, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Cornell University Medical College. FRANK W. FOOTE, J r .. B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. DAVID K. FUKUSHIMA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. ROGER I.. GRF.IF. B.S., M.D., Associate Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Medical College. LEONARD D. HAMILTON, B.A., B.M., B.Ch., M.A., D.M., Ph.D., Associate Pro fessor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. DORRIS J. HUTCHISON, U.S.. M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Microbiology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. JOHN A. JACQUEZ, M.D., Associate Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. AARON KELLNER, B.A., M.S.. M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. EDWIN D. KILBOURNE, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Public Health and Pre ventive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. LEOPOLD G. KOSS, M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute.

JOHN MacLEOD, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Anatomy, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. ROBERT C. MELLORS, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. DONALD B. MELVILLE, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistiy, Cornell University Medical College. WALTER MODELL, B.S., M.D., Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. WILLIAM L. MONEY, B.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. ALICE E. MOORE, B.A., M.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. GEORGE E. MURPHY, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. MARY L. PETERMANN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. JULIAN R. RACHELE, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Cor nell University Medical College. H. CHRISTINE REILLY, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Microbiology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. GOETZ W. RICHTER, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. STEPHEN S. STERNBERG, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. JOHN Y. SUGG, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University Medical College. ROY C. SWAN, B.A.. M.D., Associate Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Medical College. HELENE W. TOOLAN, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. F. STEPHEN VOGEL, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. GERHARD WERNER, M.D., Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. ERNEST L. WYNDER, B.A., B.S., (Med.Sc.), M.D., Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine, Sloan-Kettering Institute. MARJORIE BASS ZUCKER, B.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Physiology, Sloan- Kettering Institute.

ASSISTANT PROFESSORS

IRVING ABRAHAMS, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Microbiology and Im m u nology, Cornell University Medical College. JOHN J. ADAIR, Ph.B., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. GENEVIEVE M. BADER, B.A., M.D., Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine, Sloan-Kettering Institute. M. EARL BALIS, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. NATHANIEL BARR, B.S., M.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biophysics, Sloan- Kettering Institute. JOHN W. BERG, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. MONES BERMAN, E.E., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biophysics, Sloan-Kettering Institute.

JAY ROBERTS, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College. ROBERT S. ROSENFELD, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. LEONARD L. ROSS, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. MORTON K. SCHWARTZ, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. JOHN F. SEYBOLT, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Pathology, Cornell University Medical College. MORRIS N. TELLER, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. LOUIS VENET, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine, Sloan- Kettering Institute. SAM C. WONG, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Public Health and Preven tive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. HELEN Q. WOODARD, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. SAI-HOU YING, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine, Sloan- Kettering Institute.

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

MEDICAL COLLEGE

GRADUATE SCHOOL HISTORY

ORK leading to an advanced degree was first offered in the

Medical College in 1912 as a cooperative arrangem ent with the

Graduate School of Cornell University. U nder the plan as originally

announced, students registered for an advanced degree in the Medical

College, but in all respects they were subject to the rules and regula

tions prevailing at the University. T he departm ents offering graduate

instruction were identified in the first announcem ent merely as the

“scientific departm ents.”

Graduate work has continued to occupy a place in the Medical Col

lege since the year it was established, and advanced degrees have been

awarded in anatomy, bacteriology and immunology, biochemistry,

pathology, pharmacology, physiology and biophysics, and public health

and preventive medicine.

In June, 1950, the trustees of Cornell University approved an arrange

ment whereby the Sloan-Kettering Institute became a part of the

Graduate School division of the Medical College for the purpose of

offering instruction leading to graduate degrees in the basic science

fields. Although the Cornell University Medical College and the Sloan-

Kettering Institute were already closely associated, this arrangement

made possible the extension of graduate work into certain specialized

areas, especially in the field of cancer. This expansion of the New York

City component of the Graduate School prom pted the Graduate faculty

of the University to give consideration to m atters of adm inistration with

the result that by action of the trustees in January, 1952, the Graduate

School of Medical Sciences was established, which, with the approval

of the Graduate faculty of Cornell University, “shall have full respon

sibility for advanced and professional degrees granted for study in

residence at the New York City campus of Cornell University.”

T he five buildings of the College extending along York Avenue from

Sixty-eighth to Seventieth Streets contain the classrooms, student labo-

FACILITIES

THE MEDICAL COLLEGE

the students to associate freely with m ature scholars who will give

them such aid and direction as they may need. Accomplishment is

judged prim arily by the evidence of growing responsibility for the

advancement of knowledge and not by fulfillment of routine require

ments or by courses and credits.

THE COMMITTEE O N GRADUATE STUDY

T he Committee on Graduate Study is both an administrative and a

judicial board of the Graduate School, and its membership has con

tinuing responsibility for the School. It is the duty of the Committee

to consider such matters as are referred to it by the faculty or by the

members of the faculty, and upon its own initiative to make recom

mendations to the faculty regarding questions involving the interests

or policies of the Graduate School.

T he Associate Dean serves as chairman of the Committee on Grad

uate Study with four members of the Graduate faculty. Two members

of the Committee represent the faculty of Sloan-Kettering Division and

the remaining two members are chosen from the facidty in the basic

science fields of the Medical College. T he faculty members of the Com

mittee are nominated by the Associate Dean and appointed annually

by the President of the University.

This board of the Graduate faculty serves as an agency for (1) approval

and adm inistration of the admission of students; (2) approval of m ajor

and m inor subjects; (3) allotm ent of units of credit toward advanced

degrees; (4) supervision of nominations and adm inistration of fellow

ships and scholarships; (5) selection of members of the faculty to con

duct and make recommendations in the fulfillment of the language

requirements; (6) the solution of student problems involving academic

irresponsibility.

ADMISSION

T o be admitted, an applicant (1) must hold a Bachelor’s degree from

a college or university of recognized standing, or must have done work

equivalent to that required for such a degree; (2) must have adequate

preparation in the chosen Field of Instruction; and (3) as judged by

his previous scholastic record or other achievements, must show promise

of doing well in advanced study and research.

A student is not encouraged to apply for admission until he has

conferred with a faculty member connected with one of the m ajor

disciplines in either the Medical College or the Sloan-Kettering Divi

sion and obtained the consent of a professor to sponsor the program

he proposes to undertake. T he faculty member in agreeing to sponsor

a student for major work becomes responsible (provided the student is

accepted) for the adm inistration and long-range planning of a balanced

program of graduate study for the candidate. In consultation with other

faculty members the sponsor organizes and acts as chairman of a faculty

group, or Special Committee, whose members consist of those partici

pating in teaching in the student’s minor fields. T he sponsor shall

prepare reports for the Associate Dean concerning grades made in

formal courses and performance in research; he shall make requests for

Qualifying and Final Examinations.

Scores made in the Graduate Record Examination, although not

required, will prove helpful in determ ining the acceptability of the

applicant. Students who plan to take this exam ination should com

municate directly with the Educational Testing Service, P.O. Box 592,

Princeton, New Jersey.

For students planning to take up graduate work at the beginning of

the academic year in September, the application and all supporting

data should be in the Office of the Graduate School at the Medical

College not later than March 1.

A student is not adm itted to the Graduate School until a formal

notice of acceptance has been issued by the Associate Dean of the

Graduate School of Medical Sciences. If the candidate is accepted with

conditions, these will be recorded in the notice of admission.

REGISTRATION

Students taking work in the Graduate School leading to, or in con

templation of, an advanced degree must register in the Administration

Office of the Medical College at the beginning of each academic year. It

is expected that students m atriculated in the Graduate School of Medi

cal Sciences will continue for the full academic year. In the event, how

ever, that circumstances require attendance for less than a year, special

arrangements may be made for registering for one semester. A graduate

student who has completed the requirements of residence for his

degree and who remains in residence while working on his thesis

or while doing other work in contemplation of a degree must register

each term in which he is thus engaged.

A graduate student who discontinues his work for any reason during

a term in which he is registered should immediately report this fact to

the Associate Dean in order to obtain an official withdrawal or an

honorable dismissal.

M AJOR A N D M INOR SUBJECTS

The curriculum of a candidate for the degree of M.S. includes one

major and one m inor subject; of a candidate for the degree of Ph.D.,

one major and two m inor subjects. Approved subjects are listed below

REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREES 13

In instances, however, where a candidate is taking a portion of his work

under a cooperative arrangement with departments located on the U ni

versity campus at Ithaca, an exception may he made to this regulation.

Each candidate for an advanced degree is expected to complete his

study in residence with reasonable continuity. A candidate who fails

to register during any period of four or more years is dropped from

candidacy and may he readm itted only after the Committee on Grad

uate Study has stipulated the am ount of additional residence to be

required. No more than ten years may intervene between the time of

first registration and the completion of all requirements for a doctorate

degree.

LAN G UAG E REQUIREMENTS

Students planning graduate study leading to an M.S. or Ph.D. degree

must demonstrate proficiency in one language within the first semester

following acceptance. This requirem ent cannot be satisfied by a lan

guage test passed in fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree

in another graduate school.

T o demonstrate proficiency, the candidate is required to pass a

general examination. T he examination will consist of passages from

the biological sciences designed to test the student’s ability to trans

late a representative piece of prose. T he examination will be graded

“pass” or “fail” on the basis of whether the student has demonstrated

sufficient speed and accuracy to make language a useful instrum ent for

research. T he use of a dictionaiy is allowed. A vocabtdary test may be

required in addition to the above general examination.

For the M.S. degree a reading knowledge of either French or German

will fulfill the requirement. Failure to pass the language may require

the candidate to complete three units of residence credits for the degree.

T he student will be expected to demonstrate proficiency before begin

ning the third residence unit.

Students matriculated for the doctoral degree must demonstrate

proficiency in two languages in addition to the one the candidate

commonly uses. Proficiency in English and German is required, and

for the third language, either French, Spanish, or Russian will fulfill

the language requiiem ent. T he second language examination should

be taken as soon as possible after admission to candidacy. U ntil it is

passed, no residence units beyond four will be allowed.

EXAM INATIO NS

Three oral or oral and w ritten examinations are required by the

Graduate faculty: (1) a final examination for the Master’s degree; (2) a

qualifying exam ination for the degree of Ph.D.; (3) a final examination

for the degree of Ph.D. Under certain regulations (1) and (2) may he

combined. T he qualifying exam ination should be taken as early as

possible; at all events, the candidate must complete at least three

units of residence after passing it.

T he doctorate examination is in two parts spaced so as to allow an

interval of not less than foyr months between each part. T he first part

(Exam. A) is on the major and minor subject m atter of the candidate’s

graduate work. For students expecting to get their degrees at the June

Commencement, this exam ination must be passed before January first

preceding the graduation date.

T he second part (Exam. B) of the candidate’s final exam ination is

on the thesis and related m aterial and must be scheduled not later than

the first week in May when all work on the thesis has been completed

and approved by the professors sponsoring the student’s graduate

program.

Students completing their work at another time of the year are

expected to follow a time schedule approximately the same as that for

the candidate who intends to complete the requirements at the end

of the academic year. T he Associate Dean schedules the examinations

and notifies the members of the Graduate faculty so that any member

may attend who wishes to do so.

GRADES

Credit for graduate work is given only when the candidate m ain

tains a satisfactory standard of performance in both his m ajor and his

m inor fields of study. Professors having charge of the work of graduate

students are required to report to the Associate Dean of the Graduate

School of Medical Sciences at the end of each semester, or at the close

of each academic year, grade ratings on all students taking work under

their direction. These grade reports are given in the following terms:

A (93-100%), B (84-92%), C (75-83%) for passable performance,

and F for work unacceptable for credit. Students whose grade falls

below a B may be separated from the Graduate School program.

THESES

Research accomplishment presented in the form of a thesis is a

principal requirem ent for both the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees.

Students enrolled for the Master’s degree are required to prepare

a report on some problem or project undertaken in their m ajor field.

In content and form this report must show scholarly attainm ent.

A copy of the thesis shall be submitted to the professor who sponsors

the m ajor work of the student at least six weeks before the date the

degree is to be awarded.

fee with $1,100 of the am ount apportioned for tuition and the remain

der for all accessory items; namely, m atriculation, student hospitaliza

tion insurance, laboratory charges, graduation fee, microfilming of the

doctoral thesis, publishing the abstract in the monthly periodical,

Dissertation Abstracts, m ailing the thesis and abstract to and from the

microfilm publishers, binding two copies of the thesis, and the tuition

fee. T he fee is due at the beginning of the academic year, or in two

equal parts of $625 at the beginning of the fall and spring semesters.

Graduate students who have completed the m inim um residence

requirements (six units) for the Ph.D. degree and have paid the tuition

fees for that degree may complete their thesis in residence and take the

final examinations by registering as candidates for degree only, and

no additional tuition payment will be required of them.

T he head of a departm ent may recommend that a certain graduate

student is needed in the teaching program, and, if approved by the

Associate Dean, a salary will be given to the student in an amount

equal to his tuition, but exclusive of other fees. T he tuition charge as

such, however, is not waived in any instance.

T uition or other fees may be changed by the Trustees at any time

w ithout previous notice.

STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE

Complete ambulatory medical care is provided for all students

matriculated in the Graduate School of Medical Sciences through the

Personnel H ealth Service of the Medical Center. Students m atriculating

for the first time in the Graduate School are required to have a physical

exam ination by a member of the H ealth Service staff. In addition each

student must report for a chest X-ray examination, tuberculin test, and

such immunizations as may be considered necessary at periodic intervals.

No charge is made for medical care through the H ealth Service or for

any X-rays, laboratory tests, or procedures which may be needed. Each

student is required to carry Associated Hospital Service (Blue Cross)

hospitalization insurance unless some similar hospitalization insurance

is currently in effect through a previous policy. T he cost of this insur

ance for an unm arried student is included in the “Expense” fee. Wives

and dependents of students may be covered by the hospitalization insur

ance policy for a small additional fee. Office hours are held daily from

12:30 to 1:30 p.m. by the Student H ealth staff. All cases of illness must

be reported to the H ealth Service. Students may have in attendance

physicians of their own choice, but a reasonable am ount of cooperation

between such physicians and the College Health Service is expected.

Wives and families of students are not eligible for care through the

Personnel H ealth Service but will be referred to appropriate members

of the hospital staff for medical care.

SUMMARY OF REGULATIONS

FOR GRADUATE DEGREES

Students contemplating admission to graduate work leading to the

M.S or Ph.D. degree must first obtain the approval of their program

from a member of the faculty. If encouraged by the faculty member to

proceed, the student may file his application (see page 10).

W hen registered for one of these degrees, the candidate should

observe carefully the following requirements.

FOR THE MASTER’S DEGREE

He must—

1. Complete a m inim um of two units* of work in residence, includ

ing a major and one m inor course of study.

2. Demonstrate proficiency in one foreign language.

3. Pass a final examination covering his general field of study.

4. Present a thesis approved by the professor representing his major

field of study and the Committee on Graduate Study.

5. Submit two typewritten copies of the thesis, one for filing in

the Medical College Library and the other for the departm ent repre

senting his m ajor field of study.

FOR TH E PH.D. DEGREE

He must—

1. Complete six units* of training in residence, of which two units

of the last four must he taken in successive terms at the Medical College

or the Sloan-Kettering Institute.

2. Demonstrate proficiency in two languages approved by the Com

mittee on Graduate Study.

3. Achieve a high level of scholarly capacity (grade of B or better) and

demonstrate the ability and technique necessary for carrying on original

work.

4. Complete the following examinations: (A) a qualifying examina

tion before three units are finished of the six required for the doctoral

degree, and (B) the final examinations (see page 13).

5. Present a thesis in the m ajor field of study, which must represent

a contribution to the subject investigated.

6. Prepare an abstract of the approved thesis for publication in

D issertation Abstracts.

7. Submit two unbound typewritten copies of the thesis, one for

filing in the Medical College Library and the other for the departm ent

representing the m ajor field of study.

*One unit is equivalent to a semester of full-tim e study.

sensitive phenomena; and also aspects of fundamental importance whose practical application may not be immediately apparent. A graduate student may elect investi gations in any of the various fields, but the opportunities are best for students who direct their major interest toward fields of current investigation of the department. These fields at present include variations in antigenicity and in pathogenicity of influenza viruses; hypersensitive reactions to antibiotics; serelogical properties of bacterial polysaccharides; immunological aspects of fungi and of mycotic infections; and immunological phenomena encountered in helminth infections. Prospective majors in the department should have had several college courses in chemistry, physics, and biology. As a rule, considerably more training in chemistry is expected than is needed to meet the minimum recpiirements for entrance to medi cal college, but unusual training or experience in any one of the sciences will he taken into account in the consideration of candidates who may have had less than the usual training in others.

PATHOLOGY

Professors Jo h n G. K m n, J o h n M. P ea rce Associate Professors J o h n T. E l l is , A aro n K e l l n e r , G eo rg e E. M ur i>h y , G o e t z W. R ic h t e r , F. St e p h e n V o g el Assistant Professors R o b e r t L. H ir sc h , J o h n F. Sey b o l t The department offers wide opportunity for the experimental study of disease. Adequate facilities for the care of animals are available. There is a departmental library where some of the current journals and reference books are kept on file. The main library is situated on the floor immediately beneath the department and is readily accessible. There is a carefully selected collection of mounted museum specimens, in addition to an active file of preserved gross material for study. The histological collection is likewise rich in material. Autopsies for the entire hospital are performed by the members of the department and offer an opportunity for the study of fresh pathological tissues. No regular course of study is offered by the department for graduate students, but applicants in this field are given abundant opportunity for special work under the direct supervision of members of the department. Such work may include the investigation of some problem and may be credited toward the applicant’s graduate degree.

PHARMACOLOGY

Professors W a l t e r F. R ik e r , J r ., M cK f.en C a t t e l l , H arry G old Associate Professors W a l t e r M o d ei.l , G er h a r d W er n er Assistant Professors J o s e ph F. R e il l y , J ay R oberts Facilities are available for advanced work and research in the chemical, phar macodynamic, and clinical aspects of pharmacology. Special opportunities are afforded for work in general pharmacology, neuropharmacology, cardiovascular pharmacology, and drug evaluation in man. The department is well equipped with specialized apparatus for electrophysiological techniques and contains a small but complete unit for organic chemistry. In graduate training, emphasis is placed on a sound basic training in general pharmacology. By means of individual instruction, the candidate is later afforded an exposure to several specialized aspects of pharmacology. The latter part of the graduate curriculum is devoted to research in an area of the candidate’s choice. An adequate preliminary training in organic chemistry, physical chemistry, bio chemistry, and physiology is prerequisite for graduate work in pharmacology. A training in statistics is strongly recommended.

PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS

Professor R o b e r t F. P itts Associate Professors R o g er L. G r e if , R o y C. Sw a n Assistant Professors G er h a r d H. G ie b is c h , H a ro ld G. H e m p l in g Graduate and research training is provided for students who wish to prepare themselves for teaching and research in the physiological aspects of biological science, with special emphasis on the physical and chemical approach; those who desire to prepare themselves more adequately for clinical practice and research by advanced training in some phase of physiology; and those who are entering a career in human biology. Instruction is at first provided through the medium of formal basic courses in this and other departments of the Medical College, and in the departments of physics and chemistry of neighboring universities. This work is paralleled by similar courses which deal with specialized subjects on a more advanced level. Finally, the student is associated with various members of the staff on a tutorial basis for instruction in special research problems.

PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

Professor W a l sh M cD e r m o t t Associate Professor E d w in D. K il b o u r n e Assistant Professors J o h n A d a ir , I r w in D. J. B ross, K u r t W. D f.u sc h l e , B e n ja m in H. K e a n , J a m es M cC a r r o l l , R o b e r t M cC u n e In this department of the Medical College, a graduate degree (Ph.D.) may be obtained in certain of the medical sciences as they relate to public health. Micro biology is a field of special interest of the department; advanced training and instruc tion are available in parasitology, bacteriology, and virology. The Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine does not offer formal graduate courses in public health, and the University does not grant a Master’s degree or a doctorate in public health.

INSTRUCTION A T THE

SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE

C. P. R h o a d s, Director

The training offered in this division of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences is primarily for candidates with the Master’s degree or equivalent. The candidate’s record is reviewed, and recommendations for additional course work may be made from courses available in the City. In addition to advanced students, the division will offer opportunities to a limited number of students who have recently received the baccalaureate degree. Lecture and laboratory courses prescribed by the faculty for such students will preferably, though not necessarily, be taken at the Ithaca campus. As one of the principal aims of this division is to train investigators in methods of quantitative biology, a series of specialized lecture and seminar courses in this area will be offered. The lecture courses are concerned with modern methods, and are designed to complement and supplement courses available elsewhere.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Professors O scar B o d a n sk y , G eo rg e B. B r o w n , T h o m a s F. G a l la g h e r Associate Professors A a ro n B e n d ic h , L ie b e F. C a v a l ie r i, D avid K. F u k u s h im a , M ary L. P e t e r m a n n