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Gottfredson and Hirschi - Criminological Theory - Lecture Slides, Slides of Criminology

These are the lecture slides of Criminological Theory. Key important points are: Gottfredson and Hirschi, Generality of Deviance, Criminology, Unique to Criminology, Classical Tradition, Positivistic, Classical School of Crime, Positive School of Crime, Radical Empiricism, Specific Behaviors

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 01/27/2013

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Gottfredson and Hirschi
The Generality of Deviance
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Gottfredson and Hirschi

The Generality of Deviance

Criminologists complain that they don’t control

their own dependent variable

  • What is the D.V. in criminology?
  • Is this unique to criminology?
    • What about other fields?
    • SO WHAT?

Classical School Revisited

  • Individuals’ behaviors are controlled through

sanctions.

  • The “mistake” of current criminology is to focus only on “political sanctions”
  • But others were articulated
    • Moral
    • Religious
    • Physical

HERE IS THE HOOK

  • The sanctioning system is only useful for

describing a behavior.

  • i.e., assault is “illegal,” or alcohol abuse is “deviant”
  • it has no bearing on what factors might cause the particular act
  • the theory of sin IS the theory of crime, deviance and imprudence

The “Big Picture” that they missed

  • Crime, deviance, sin, and recklessness are not

separate, or distinct “types” of behavior

  • Crime: a behavior sanction by the state
  • Deviance: a behavior sanction by society
  • Recklessness: natural sanctions
  • According to G&H, a better question is, “what

do these behaviors have in common?”

The Generality of Deviance

  • All of these acts are pleasurable (but so are

non-criminal acts)…

  • They have immediate consequences
  • They are physically and mentally easy
  • They are risky

What is the Main Point?

  • Don’t get caught up in “deviance” versus

“crime” or “recklessness.”

  • Those labels simply describe societies reaction to behaviors
  • Look instead at the commonality
  • The recognition that “deviance is constructed”

has little bearing on theories designed to

predict crime or deviance