TERM 1
anabolic pathway
DEFINITION 1
pathways that synthesize cellular components usually
involve a substantial increase in molecular order and
therefore a local decrease in entropy and are endergonic
(energy requiring
TERM 2
catabolic pathways
DEFINITION 2
breakdown of cellular constituents exergonic, typically
involve a decrease in molecular order (increase in entropy).
Often involve hydrolysis or macromolecules or oxidations.
Play two roles in cells: - release free energy to drive cellular
functions - give rise to small organic molecules
TERM 3
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
DEFINITION 3
universal energy coupler used to connect catabolic rx to
anabolic rx adenosine (adenine + ribose) contains
phosphoanhydride bonds & phosphoester bonds
TERM 4
Hydrolysis
DEFINITION 4
any rxn whereby a bond in a molecule is broken by reaction
w/ water free energy released to do work ( concentration,
electrical, synthetic, mechanical) Why so much free energy? -
charge repulsion - resonance stabilization free phosphate
group has one elec. pair delocalized over structure - Entropy
^ overall
TERM 5
NAD+
DEFINITION 5
(Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) Purpose: serves as an
electron acceptor by adding 2 e- and 1 H+ to its aromatic
ring, thereby generating the reduced form, NADH, plus a
proton. NAD+ + 2[H] ------> NADH + H+ derivative of niacin:
Vitamin B
