Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Anatomy of the Gluteal Region and Back of Thigh: Muscles, Nerves, and Vessels, Study notes of Physiology

An in-depth analysis of the anatomy of the gluteal region and back of thigh, including the muscles (glutei, hamstrings, and lateral rotators), nerves (superior and inferior gluteal, sciatic, and posterior cutaneous), and vessels (superior and inferior gluteal and internal pudendal). It also covers the origins, insertions, and actions of the muscles, as well as the course and branches of the nerves.

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

alenapool
alenapool 🇬🇧

4.6

(12)

223 documents

1 / 22

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
GLUTEAL REGION
&
BACK OF THIGH
1
By :
Prof.Saeed Abulmakarem
&
Dr. Sanaa Al-Shaarawi
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16

Partial preview of the text

Download Anatomy of the Gluteal Region and Back of Thigh: Muscles, Nerves, and Vessels and more Study notes Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!

GLUTEAL REGION

BACK OF THIGH

By :

Prof.Saeed Abulmakarem

Dr. Sanaa Al-Shaarawi

OBJECTIVES

 At the end of this lecture, the student should be able

to identify :

Contents of gluteal region:Groups of Glutei muscles and small muscles (Lateral Rotators).Nerves & vessels.Foramina and structures passing through them as: 1 - Greater Sciatic Foramen. 2 - Lesser Sciatic Foramen.

  • Back of thigh : Hamstring muscles.

CONTENTS II NERVES: (all from sacral plexus):

  1. Sciatic nerve.
  2. Superior gluteal n.
  3. Inferior gluteal n.
  4. Post. cutaneous n. of thigh.
  5. Nerve to obturator internus.
  6. Nerve to quadratus femoris.
  7. Pudendal nerve. 2 3 1 4 5 6 7

CONTENTS III - VESSELS: (all from internal iliac vessels):

  1. Superior gluteal
  2. Inferior gluteal
  3. Internal pudendal vessels. Internal pudendal

Lesser sciatic foramenLesser sciatic notch of hip bone is transformed into foramen by Sacrotuberous & sacrospinous ligaments.

  • Structures passing through

Lesser sciatic foramen :

  • Tendon of obturator internus.
  • Nerve to obturator internus.
  • Pudendal nerve.
  • Internal pudendal vessels.
  • ORIGINS
  • Gluteus minimus:
  • Anterior part of the gluteal surface of ilium
  • Gluteus medius:
  • Middle part of the gluteal surface of ilium,
  • Gluteus maximus:
  • Posterior part of the gluteal surface of ilium,
  • Main origin: Back of sacrum & coccyx & back of Sacrotuberous ligament Glutei Muscles

NERVE SUPPLY & ACTION of Gluti muscles

  • Gluteus medius & minimus:
  • Nerve supply:
  • Superior gluteal nerve.
  • Action:
  • abduction & medial rotation of hip joint.
  • Normally they prevent lateral tilt of the pelvis by contraction of ABDUCTORS on opposite side, on raising the other limb from ground.
  • If the pelvis tilts,this is means +ve Trendlenburge’s sign.
  • Right pelvic tilt (the left side of the pelvis is elevated higher than the right side) as in picture.
  • This requires a muscular effort by the hip abductors (glutei medii and minimi of opposite side) to pull the pelvis up.
  • Gluteus maximus:
  • Nerve supply:
  • Inferior gluteal nerve.
  • Action:
  • Extension & lateral rotation of the hip joint.
  • Through its attachment to iliotibial tract, it stabilizes the femur on tibia during standing.

Small muscles (Lateral Rotators)

  • Obturator Internus:
  • Origin:
  • Inner surface of the side wall of the pelvis.
  • Insertion:
  • Into the medial surface of the greater trochanter.
  • Nerve supply:
  • Nerve to obturator internus.
  • Superior & Inferior Gemelli:
  • Origin:
  • Superior gemellus;
  • upper part of lesser sciatic notch.
  • Inferior gemellus:
  • lower part of lesser sciatic notch.
  • Insertion:
  • Upper & lower parts into tendon of obturator internus.
  • Nerve supply:
  • Superior gemellus: nerve to obturator internus
  • Inferior gemellus: nerve to quadratus femoris.

NERVES SUPERIOR GLUTEAL:

  • Course:
  • Passes through GSF, above piriformis, then between gluteus medius & minimus
  • Branches:
  1. Muscular to gluteus medius, minimus & tensor fasciae lata
  2. Articular to hip joint INFERIOR GLUTERAL:
  • Course:
  • passes through GSF, below piriformis, then deep to gluteus maximus
  • Branches: muscular to gluteus maximus NERVE TO QUADRATUS FEMORIS:
  • Course:
  • passes through GSF, below piriformis
  • Branches:
  1. Muscular to quadratus femoris & inferior gemellus
  2. Articular to hip joint

POSTERIOR CUTANEOUS NERVE OT THIGH : Course: Passes through GSF, below piriformis, then descends deep to deep fascia. Branches: Cutaneous branches to: gluteal region, back of scrotum (labium majus) back of thigh & upper part of back of leg. SCIATIC : Course: passes through GSF, below piriformis, then superficial to: ischial spine, superior gemellus, tendon of obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris & adductor magnus. Branches: No branches in gluteal region, Divides into tibial & common peroneal nerves, in the middle of back of thigh NERVES

Biceps Femoris : (^) • Origin:

  • The long head from the ischial tuberosity.
  • The short head from the linea aspera.
  • Insertion:
  • Mainly into the head of the fibula. Nerve supply:
  • The long head is supplied by the tibial part of sciatic;
  • the short head is supplied by the common peroneal part of the sciatic. Action :
  • Flexion of knee.
  • Lateral rotation of flexed leg.
  • Long head: extends hip.

SEMITENDINOSUS

  • Origin:
  • Ischial tuberosity.
  • Insertion:
  • Upper part of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia (SGS).. Nerve supply:
  • Tibial portion of the sciatic. Action:
  • Flexes and medially rotates the leg at the knee joint;
  • Extends the thigh at the hip joint.

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS (HAMSTRING PART)

  • Origin:
  • Ischial ramus and ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion:
  • Adductor tubercle of the medial condyle of the femur.
  • Nerve supply:
  • The tibial portion of the sciatic.
  • Action:
  • Extends the thigh at the hip joint.

BLOOD SUPPLY

  • The four perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery (deep artery of thigh) provide a rich blood supply to this compartment.
  • The profunda femoris vein drains the greater part of the blood from the compartment.