Glucagon Signaling Pathway
The glucagon signaling pathway refers to the sum of a series of proteins and
regulatory factors involved in the function of glucagon. Human pancreatic
hyperglycemia is a linear polypeptide consisting of 29 amino acids with a molecular
weight of 3485, which is also cleaved by precursors of macromolecules. The
concentration of pancreatic hyperglycemia in serum is 50-100 ng/L, and the half-life
of plasma is 5-10 min. In contrast to the role of the insulin signaling pathway, the
glucagon signaling pathway is a pathway that promotes catabolism. The glucagon
signaling pathway has a strong role in promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis,
resulting in a significant increase in blood glucose.
1 mol/L hormone can rapidly decompose 3 x 106 mol/L glucose in glycogen. The
glucagon signaling pathway activates hepatocyte phosphorylase and accelerates
glycogenolysis through the cAMP-PK system. The gluconeogenesis is enhanced as
hormones accelerate the entry of amino acids into the liver cells and activate the
enzyme system involved in the gluconeogenesis process. The glucagon signaling
pathway also activates lipase, which promotes fat breakdown, while at the same
time enhancing fatty acid oxidation and increasing ketone body formation. The target
organ of the glucagon signaling pathway that produces the above metabolic effects is
the liver, which removes the liver or blocks the blood flow of the liver (Figure 2), and
these effects disappear. In addition, the glucagon signaling pathway promotes the
secretion of insulin and islet somatostatin. Pharmacological doses of glucagon can
increase cAMp content in cardiomyocytes and increase myocardial contraction.
