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Global Aging in Maine, Lecture notes of Public Law

Analytical review of global aging and the ways of solutions

Typology: Lecture notes

2023/2024

Uploaded on 06/13/2024

elona-elona
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Global aging is the most important issue related to the healthcare sector. By 2050 a sixth
of the world’s population will be over 65. The U.S. is currently transitioning from a society with
7% of people aged 65 years into a “superaged society” with 20% of the population 65 or older.
When coupled with advances in medical care that can treat acute illness and prolong life, an
untoward effect is that more older adults are living longer but with a chronic condition,
comorbidities, or disability. This creates several senior healthcare outcomes that must be
addressed and planned for as a surge in the number of older adults is predicted over the next 26
years.
The healthcare system needs preventative actions to eliminate the effect of a “superaged
society”. It needs to be changed. The following steps may support healthy aging:
-Preventing cognitive decline. Cognitive decline and dementia are a
primary reason for nursing home institutionalization. Cognitive well-being is a
fundamental determinant of positive and healthier aging. If an adult has no medical co-
morbidities, their healthcare is costliest and could last longer than peers..
-Accelerating time-to-baseline. In a study published recently in the
Annals of Internal Medicine, researchers reported that after hospital admission with a
stay in the ICU, older adults who were eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid “were far
more likely to develop changes in physical function and were significantly more
vulnerable to cognitive impairments than older adults not eligible for Medicaid.”.Senior
adults must recover their physical and cognitive function within the year after hospital or
ICU admission. Otherwise, the likelihood was high that they would experience loss of
independence, more nursing home stays, and higher healthcare costs..
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Global aging is the most important issue related to the healthcare sector. By 2050 a sixth of the world’s population will be over 65. The U.S. is currently transitioning from a society with 7% of people aged 65 years into a “superaged society” with 20% of the population 65 or older. When coupled with advances in medical care that can treat acute illness and prolong life, an untoward effect is that more older adults are living longer but with a chronic condition, comorbidities, or disability. This creates several senior healthcare outcomes that must be addressed and planned for as a surge in the number of older adults is predicted over the next 26 years. The healthcare system needs preventative actions to eliminate the effect of a “superaged society”. It needs to be changed. The following steps may support healthy aging:

  • Preventing cognitive decline. Cognitive decline and dementia are a primary reason for nursing home institutionalization. Cognitive well-being is a fundamental determinant of positive and healthier aging. If an adult has no medical co- morbidities, their healthcare is costliest and could last longer than peers.
  • Accelerating time-to-baseline. In a study published recently in the Annals of Internal Medicine, researchers reported that after hospital admission with a stay in the ICU, older adults who were eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid “were far more likely to develop changes in physical function and were significantly more vulnerable to cognitive impairments than older adults not eligible for Medicaid.” Senior adults must recover their physical and cognitive function within the year after hospital or ICU admission. Otherwise, the likelihood was high that they would experience loss of independence, more nursing home stays, and higher healthcare costs.
  • Changing integrated primary care. The models of care like the patient- centered medical home (PCMH) model, advanced primary care, and accountable care organizations (ACOs) need to expand, become more integrated, and scale to prepare for the growing volume of senior adults in the coming years.
  • Adjusting lifestyle factors. They are 75% of modifiable to improve health of senior adults. Health promotion, literacy, and support for healthy behaviors are essential; however, many disparities in health outcomes for older adults are related to socioeconomic factors which are difficult to manipulate. The use of community health workers, the growing adoption of technology support for seniors, and greater in-home or telemedicine care channels can positively affect lifestyle changes over time. Trends in age-friendly cities, the village movement, and health-centered communities have the potential to impact lifestyle factors as adults age positively.
  • Controlling problems of social determinants of health (where one lives, economic and societal influences, racial or ethnic background, level of education, and gender). A 2019 report by the Gerontological Society of America (GSA) suggests, “The issue of life-course disadvantage is often not significantly addressed or understood by many professionals in gerontology.” Understanding how disadvantages accumulate as people age and the outsized impact of economic inequality on seniors dramatically affects health, quality of life, and the overall cost to the person, system, and government.
  • Managing the problem of isolation and loneliness. Studies of the Gerontological Society of America have indicated that loneliness and social isolation may have the same effect on health as risk factors like smoking, high blood pressure, and obesity. The Gerontological Society of America reminds us that loneliness and isolation